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Foundation models encode rich representations that can be adapted to downstream tasks by fine-tuning. However, fine-tuning a model on one data distribution often degrades performance under distribution shifts. Current approaches to robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Caroline Choi , Yoonho Lee , Annie Chen , Allan Zhou , Aditi Raghunathan , Chelsea Finn

Recent prompt-based approaches allow pretrained language models to achieve strong performances on few-shot finetuning by reformulating downstream tasks as a language modeling problem. In this work, we demonstrate that, despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Prasetya Ajie Utama , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Victor Sanh , Iryna Gurevych

This survey delves into the realm of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) within the context of Foundation Models (FMs). PEFT, a cost-effective fine-tuning technique, minimizes parameters and computational complexity while striving for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dan Zhang , Tao Feng , Lilong Xue , Yuandong Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

The goal of few-shot classification is to classify new categories with few labeled examples within each class. Nowadays, the excellent performance in handling few-shot classification problems is shown by metric-based meta-learning methods.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Xu Luo , Yuxuan Chen , Liangjian Wen , Lili Pan , Zenglin Xu

The task of segmentation of multispectral images, which are images with numerous channels or bands, each capturing a specific range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, has been previously explored in contexts with large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dilith Jayakody , Thanuja Ambegoda

Speech-based machine learning (ML) has been heralded as a promising solution for tracking prosodic and spectrotemporal patterns in real-life that are indicative of emotional changes, providing a valuable window into one's cognitive and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Kexin Feng , Theodora Chaspari

In this paper, we look at cross-domain few-shot classification which presents the challenging task of learning new classes in previously unseen domains with few labelled examples. Existing methods, though somewhat effective, encounter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Rashindrie Perera , Saman Halgamuge

Episodic training is a core ingredient of few-shot learning to train models on tasks with limited labelled data. Despite its success, episodic training remains largely understudied, prompting us to ask the question: what is the best way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Sébastien M. R. Arnold , Guneet S. Dhillon , Avinash Ravichandran , Stefano Soatto

With the popularity of foundational models, parameter efficient fine tuning has become the defacto approach to leverage pretrained models to perform downstream tasks. Taking inspiration from recent advances in large language models, Visual…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Aadya Arora , Vinay Namboodiri

Most existing methods for audio classification assume that the vocabulary of audio classes to be classified is fixed. When novel (unseen) audio classes appear, audio classification systems need to be retrained with abundant labeled samples…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-01 Yanxiong Li , Wenchang Cao , Wei Xie , Jialong Li , Emmanouil Benetos

While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Rejection Sampling Fine-Tuning (RFT) are standard for LLM alignment, they either rely on costly expert data or discard valuable negative samples, leading to data inefficiency. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zehua Liu , Shuqi Liu , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but adapting them to downstream tasks typically requires costly labeled data. Existing unsupervised self-training methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Qian-Wei Wang , Guanghao Meng , Ren Cai , Yaguang Song , Shu-Tao Xia

Few-shot Test-Time Domain Adaptation focuses on adapting a model at test time to a specific domain using only a few unlabeled examples, addressing domain shift. Prior methods leverage CLIP's strong out-of-distribution (OOD) abilities by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhixiang Chi , Li Gu , Huan Liu , Ziqiang Wang , Yanan Wu , Yang Wang , Konstantinos N Plataniotis

While deep learning has been successfully applied to many real-world computer vision tasks, training robust classifiers usually requires a large amount of well-labeled data. However, the annotation is often expensive and time-consuming.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Zhiyu Xue , Lixin Duan , Wen Li , Lin Chen , Jiebo Luo

One-shot semantic image segmentation aims to segment the object regions for the novel class with only one annotated image. Recent works adopt the episodic training strategy to mimic the expected situation at testing time. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Tao Chen , Guosen Xie , Yazhou Yao , Qiong Wang , Fumin Shen , Zhenmin Tang , Jian Zhang

Recent successes suggest that parameter-efficient fine-tuning of foundation models as the state-of-the-art method for transfer learning in vision, replacing the rich literature of alternatives such as meta-learning. In trying to harness the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shengzhuang Chen , Jihoon Tack , Yunqiao Yang , Yee Whye Teh , Jonathan Richard Schwarz , Ying Wei

Reinforcement finetuning (RFT) has shown great potential for enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it is often sample- and compute-inefficient, requiring extensive training. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Taiwei Shi , Yiyang Wu , Linxin Song , Tianyi Zhou , Jieyu Zhao

Despite deep convolutional neural networks achieved impressive progress in medical image computing and analysis, its paradigm of supervised learning demands a large number of annotations for training to avoid overfitting and achieving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Liyan Sun , Chenxin Li , Xinghao Ding , Yue Huang , Guisheng Wang , Yizhou Yu

This paper introduces a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) framework for multi-modal, multi-task transfer learning with pre-trained language models. PEFT techniques such as LoRA, BitFit and IA3 have demonstrated comparable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Avelina Asada Hadji-Kyriacou , Ognjen Arandjelovic

Visual Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become a powerful alternative for full fine-tuning so as to adapt pre-trained vision models to downstream tasks, which only tunes a small number of parameters while freezing the vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Haoyu He , Jianfei Cai , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Bohan Zhuang