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Variational quantum algorithms are a class of techniques intended to be used on near-term quantum computers. The goal of these algorithms is to perform large quantum computations by breaking the problem down into a large number of shallow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Ryan Shaffer , Lucas Kocia , Mohan Sarovar

Variational quantum algorithms hold great promise for unlocking the power of near-term quantum processors, yet high measurement costs, barren plateaus, and challenging optimization landscapes frequently hinder them. Here, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Mengzhen Ren , Yu-Cheng Chen , Yangsen Ye , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Alice Hu , Chang-Yu Hsieh

We introduce Qlustering, a quantum-inspired algorithm for unsupervised learning that leverages network-based quantum transport to perform data clustering. In contrast to traditional distance-based methods, Qlustering treats the steady-state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Shmuel Lorber , Yonatan Dubi

Gradient-based optimizers have been proposed for training variational quantum circuits in settings such as quantum neural networks (QNNs). The task of gradient estimation, however, has proven to be challenging, primarily due to distinctive…

Quantum control is valuable for various quantum technologies such as high-fidelity gates for universal quantum computing, adaptive quantum-enhanced metrology, and ultra-cold atom manipulation. Although supervised machine learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Pantita Palittapongarnpim , Peter Wittek , Ehsan Zahedinejad , Shakib Vedaie , Barry C. Sanders

While variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable success in unconstrained optimization, their application to constrained combinatorial problems face a trade-off. Penalty-based methods, despite their circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Hui-Min Li , Yuan-Liang Han , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Quantum algorithms are promising candidates for the enhancement of computational efficiency for a variety of computational tasks, allowing for the numerical study of physical systems intractable to classical computers. In the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-13 Marco Majland , Nikolaj Thomas Zinner

Quantum optimization is poised to play a transformative role in the design of next-generation wireless communication systems by addressing key computational and technological challenges. This paper provides an overview of the principles of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ioannis Krikidis , Valentin Gilbert

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

We consider the optimization problem of minimizing a functional defined over a family of probability distributions, where the objective functional is assumed to possess a variational form. Such a distributional optimization problem arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zhuoran Yang , Yufeng Zhang , Yongxin Chen , Zhaoran Wang

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

Variational quantum algorithms are viewed as promising candidates for demonstrating quantum advantage on near-term devices. These approaches typically involve the training of parameterized quantum circuits through a classical optimization…

The natural gradient method is widely used in statistical optimization, but its standard formulation assumes a Euclidean parameter space. This paper proposes an inversion-free stochastic natural gradient method for probability distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Dario Draca , Takuo Matsubara , Minh-Ngoc Tran

The paper presents a variational quantum algorithm to solve initial-boundary value problems described by second-order partial differential equations. The approach uses hybrid classical/quantum hardware that is well suited for quantum…

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), aiming at determining the ground state energy of a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is among the most significant applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Ze-Tong Li , Fan-Xu Meng , Han Zeng , Zai-Chen Zhang , Xu-Tao Yu

Quantum machine learning methods often rely on fixed, hand-crafted quantum encodings that may not capture optimal features for downstream tasks. In this work, we study the power of quantum autoencoders in learning data-driven quantum…

Here we show how universal quantum computers based on the quantum circuit model can handle mathematical analysis calculations for functions with continuous domains, without any digitalization, and with remarkably few qubits. The basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Pablo Bermejo , Roman Orus

The ability of quantum computers to overcome the exponential memory scaling of many-body problems is expected to transform quantum chemistry. Quantum algorithms require accurate representations of electronic states on a quantum device, but…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-26 Hugh G. A. Burton

To harness the potential of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, it is paramount to find the best type of circuits to run hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. Key candidates are parametrized quantum circuits that can be effectively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti , M. S. Kim

Quantum variational circuits have gained significant attention due to their applications in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm and quantum machine learning research. This work introduces a novel class of classical probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Gal Weitz , Lirandë Pira , Chris Ferrie , Joshua Combes