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Machines are being increasingly used in decision-making processes, resulting in the realization that decisions need explanations. Unfortunately, an increasing number of these deployed models are of a 'black-box' nature where the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sopam Dasgupta

This paper presents a praxeological analysis of artificial intelligence and algorithmic governance, challenging assumptions about the capacity of machine systems to sustain economic and epistemic order. Drawing on Misesian a priori…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-03 Craig S Wright

When should we defer to AI outputs over human expert judgment? Drawing on recent work in social epistemology, I motivate the idea that some AI systems qualify as Artificial Epistemic Authorities (AEAs) due to their demonstrated reliability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Benjamin Lange

Humans are black boxes -- we cannot observe their neural processes, yet society functions by evaluating verifiable arguments. AI explainability should follow this principle: stakeholders need verifiable reasoning chains, not mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ege Cakar , Per Ola Kristensson

As artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics increasingly permeate society, ensuring the ethical behavior of these systems has become paramount. This paper contends that transparency in AI decision-making processes is fundamental to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ahmad Farooq , Kamran Iqbal

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly deployed in practical applications. However, there is a major concern whether AI systems will be trusted by humans. In order to establish trust in AI systems, there is a need for users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Quratul-ain Mahesar , Simon Parsons

Artificial Intelligence models are becoming increasingly more powerful and accurate, supporting or even replacing humans' decision making. But with increased power and accuracy also comes higher complexity, making it hard for users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Vivian S. Silva , André Freitas , Siegfried Handschuh

AI systems are increasingly governed by natural language principles, yet a key challenge arising from reliance on language remains underexplored: interpretive ambiguity. As in legal systems, ambiguity arises both from how these principles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Luxi He , Nimra Nadeem , Michel Liao , Howard Chen , Danqi Chen , Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar , Peter Henderson

To benefit from AI advances, users and operators of AI systems must have reason to trust it. Trust arises from multiple interactions, where predictable and desirable behavior is reinforced over time. Providing the system's users with some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Stephanie Galaitsi , Benjamin D. Trump , Jeffrey M. Keisler , Igor Linkov , Alexander Kott

The exponential expansion of scientific literature has surpassed the epistemic processing capabilities of both human experts and current artificial intelligence systems. This paper introduces Bayesian Epistemology with Weighted Authority…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Craig S. Wright

As AI systems advance and integrate into society, well-designed and transparent evaluations are becoming essential tools in AI governance, informing decisions by providing evidence about system capabilities and risks. Yet there remains a…

Since Artificial Intelligence (AI) software uses techniques like deep lookahead search and stochastic optimization of huge neural networks to fit mammoth datasets, it often results in complex behavior that is difficult for people to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Daniel S. Weld , Gagan Bansal

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming astronomical research, yet the scientific community has largely treated this transformation as an engineering challenge rather than an epistemological one. This perspective article argues that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Yuan-Sen Ting , André Curtis-Trudel , Siyu Yao

This article presents a formalism inspired by Dennett's notion of the intentional stance. Whereas Dennett's treatment of these concepts is informal, we aim to provide a more formal analogue. We introduce a framework based on stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-10 Simon McGregor , timorl , Nathaniel Virgo

AI systems increasingly shape high-stakes decisions in healthcare, law, defense, and education, yet existing governance paradigms -- AI Ethics, AI Safety, and AI Alignment -- share a common limitation: they evaluate outcomes rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Seulki Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are widely described as artificial intelligence, yet their epistemic profile diverges sharply from human cognition. Here we show that the apparent alignment between human and machine outputs conceals a deeper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Walter Quattrociocchi , Valerio Capraro , Matjaž Perc

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence technology has excelled in various applications across all domains and fields. However, the various algorithms in neural networks make it difficult to understand the reasons behind decisions. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Bowen Long , Enjie Liu , Renxi Qiu , Yanqing Duan

Despite significant progress, evaluation of explainable artificial intelligence remains elusive and challenging. In this paper we propose a fine-grained validation framework that is not overly reliant on any one facet of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Kacper Sokol , Julia E. Vogt

Artificially intelligent systems, given a set of non-trivial ethical rules to follow, will inevitably be faced with scenarios which call into question the scope of those rules. In such cases, human reasoners typically will engage in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-06 John Licato , Zaid Marji , Sophia Abraham

Frontier AI systems require governance mechanisms that can verify internal alignment, not just behavioral compliance. Private governance mechanisms audits, certification, insurance, and procurement are emerging to complement public…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Aadit Sengupta , Pratinav Seth , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu