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We prove several new lower bounds for constant depth quantum circuits. The main result is that parity (and hence fanout) requires log depth circuits, when the circuits are composed of single qubit and arbitrary size Toffoli gates, and when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Maosen Fang , Stephen Fenner , Frederic Green , Steven Homer , Yong Zhang

Quantum state preparation involving a uniform superposition over a non-empty subset of $n$-qubit computational basis states is an important and challenging step in many quantum computation algorithms and applications. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

We present an algorithm utilizing mid-circuit measurement and feedback that prepares Dicke states with polylogarithmically many ancillas and polylogarithmic depth. Our algorithm uses only global mid-circuit projective measurements and…

In order to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation, we need to repeat the following sequence of four steps: First, perform 1 or 2 qubit quantum gates (in parallel if possible). Second, do a syndrome measurement on a subset of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Harry Buhrman , Marten Folkertsma , Bruno Loff , Niels M. P. Neumann

Adaptive quantum circuits employ unitary gates assisted by mid-circuit measurement, classical computation on the measurement outcome, and the conditional application of future unitary gates based on the result of the classical computation.…

State preparation is a fundamental routine in quantum computation, for which many algorithms have been proposed. Among them, perhaps the simplest one is the Grover-Rudolph algorithm. In this paper, we analyse the performance of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Debora Ramacciotti , Andreea-Iulia Lefterovici , Antonio F. Rotundo

We introduce an efficient algorithm for the systematic design of shallow-depth quantum circuits capable of preparing many-body quantum states represented as Matrix Product States (MPS). The proposed method leverages Schmidt spectrum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Josh Green , Joshua Snow , Jingbo B Wang

We propose a variational approach for preparing entangled quantum states on quantum computers. The methodology involves training a unitary operation to match with a target unitary using the Fubini-Study distance as a cost function. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Vu Tuan Hai , Nguyen Tan Viet , Le Bin Ho

The variational quantum eigensolver is one of the most promising approaches for performing chemistry simulations using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. The efficiency of this algorithm depends crucially on the ability to…

Calculation of the quantum discord requires to find the minimum of the quantum conditional entropy $S(\rho^{AB}|\{\Pi^B_{k}\})$ over all measurements on the subsystem $B$. In this paper, we provide a simple relation for the conditional…

We propose a general scheme for dissipatively preparing arbitrary pure quantum states on a multipartite qubit register in a finite number of basic control blocks. Our "splitting-subspace" approach relies on control resources that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 Giacomo Baggio , Francesco Ticozzi , Lorenza Viola

Preparing a quantum circuit that implements a given sparse state is an important building block that is necessary for many different quantum algorithms. In the context of fault-tolerant quantum computing, the so-called non-Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Renaud Vilmart , Sunheang Ty , Chetra Mang

In this work, we study the task of encoding logical information via a noisy quantum circuit. It is known that at superlogarithmic depth, the output of any noisy circuit without reset gates or intermediate measurements becomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Jon Nelson , Joel Rajakumar , Michael J. Gullans

We show that any pseudoentangled state ensemble with a gap of $t$ bits of entropy requires $\Omega(t)$ non-Clifford gates to prepare. This bound is tight up to polylogarithmic factors if linear-time quantum-secure pseudorandom functions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Sabee Grewal , Vishnu Iyer , William Kretschmer , Daniel Liang

We show how to explicitly construct an $O(nd)$ size and constant quantum depth circuit which encodes any given $n$-qubit stabilizer code with $d$ generators. Our construction is derived using the graphic description for stabilizer codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-18 Wei Huang , Zhaohui Wei

We provide an $\Omega(log(n))$ lower bound for the depth of any quantum circuit generating the unique groundstate of Kitaev's spherical code. No circuit-depth lower bound was known before on this code in the general case where the gates can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Dorit Aharonov , Yonathan Touati

We present a one-shot method for preparing pure entangled states between a sender and a receiver at a minimal cost of entanglement and quantum communication. In the case of preparing unentangled states, an earlier paper showed that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anura Abeyesinghe , Patrick Hayden , Graeme Smith , Andreas Winter

We describe a general method for turning quantum circuits into sparse quantum subsystem codes. The idea is to turn each circuit element into a set of low-weight gauge generators that enforce the input-output relations of that circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-28 Dave Bacon , Steven T. Flammia , Aram W. Harrow , Jonathan Shi

We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit CNOT gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Sahel Ashhab , Naoki Yamamoto , Fumiki Yoshihara , Kouichi Semba

Quantum state preparation (QSP) for a general $n$-qubit state requires $O(2^n)$ CNOT gates and circuit depth, making exact amplitude encoding (EAE) impractical for near-term quantum hardware. We introduce an ancilla-free hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Emad Rezaei Fard Boosari , Maryam Afsary