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How to boost speech pre-training with textual data is an unsolved problem due to the fact that speech and text are very different modalities with distinct characteristics. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal Speech and Language Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Ziqiang Zhang , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Yu Wu , Shuo Ren , Shujie Liu , Zhuoyuan Yao , Xun Gong , Lirong Dai , Jinyu Li , Furu Wei

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Recent years have witnessed a trend that large language model (LLM) based text-to-speech (TTS) emerges into the mainstream due to their high naturalness and zero-shot capacity. In this paradigm, speech signals are discretized into token…

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, achieving near-human levels in multiple language understanding challenges and aligning closely with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Zhenyi Wang , Li Zou , Shengyun Wei , Kai Li , Feifan Liao , Haibo Mi , Rongxuan Lai

End-to-end Large Speech Language Models (LSLMs) have demonstrated impressive conversational generation abilities, yet consistently fall short of traditional pipeline systems on semantic understanding benchmarks. In this work, we reveal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Bajian Xiang , Shuaijiang Zhao , Tingwei Guo , Wei Zou

Speech tokenizers are essential for connecting speech to large language models (LLMs) in multimodal systems. These tokenizers are expected to preserve both semantic and acoustic information for downstream understanding and generation.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Xuan Shi , Chang Zeng , Tiantian Feng , Shih-Heng Wang , Jianbo Ma , Shrikanth Narayanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

With the rise of Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs), there has been growing interest in discrete speech tokens for their ability to integrate with text-based tokens seamlessly. Compared to most studies that focus on continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Dingdong Wang , Mingyu Cui , Dongchao Yang , Xueyuan Chen , Helen Meng

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models have achieved considerable improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In addition, ASR performance could be further improved if the model is dedicated to audio content information learning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Genshun Wan , Tan Liu , Hang Chen , Jia Pan , Cong Liu , Zhongfu Ye

While textless Spoken Language Models (SLMs) have shown potential in end-to-end speech-to-speech modeling, they still lag behind text-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in terms of semantic coherence and relevance. This work introduces the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Guan-Ting Lin , Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Aditya Gourav , Yile Gu , Ankur Gandhe , Hung-yi Lee , Ivan Bulyko

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong capabilities as decision-making agents by interleaving reasoning and actions, as seen in ReAct-style frameworks. Yet, their practical deployment is constrained by high inference costs and large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Tianqi Li , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Pu Zhao , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Current speech encoding pipelines often rely on an additional text-based LM to get robust representations of human communication, even though SotA speech-to-text models often have a LM within. This work proposes an approach to improve the…

Syllables are compositional units of spoken language that efficiently structure human speech perception and production. However, current neural speech representations lack such structure, resulting in dense token sequences that are costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Cheol Jun Cho , Nicholas Lee , Akshat Gupta , Dhruv Agarwal , Ethan Chen , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

This paper introduces Interleaved Speech-Text Language Model (IST-LM) for zero-shot streaming Text-to-Speech (TTS). Unlike many previous approaches, IST-LM is directly trained on interleaved sequences of text and speech tokens with a fixed…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Yifan Yang , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Hui Wang , Lingwei Meng , Haiyang Sun , Yuzhe Liang , Ziyang Ma , Yuxuan Hu , Rui Zhao , Jianwei Yu , Yan Lu , Xie Chen

Large Speech Language Models (LSLMs) typically operate at high token rates (tokens/s) to ensure acoustic fidelity, yet this results in sequence lengths that far exceed the underlying semantic content, incurring prohibitive inference costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bajian Xiang , Tingwei Guo , Xuan Chen , Yang Han

For sequence transduction tasks like speech recognition, a strong structured prior model encodes rich information about the target space, implicitly ruling out invalid sequences by assigning them low probability. In this work, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Wei-Ning Hsu , Ann Lee , Gabriel Synnaeve , Awni Hannun

Continuous pseudo-labeling (PL) algorithms such as slimIPL have recently emerged as a powerful strategy for semi-supervised learning in speech recognition. In contrast with earlier strategies that alternated between training a model and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Tatiana Likhomanenko , Ronan Collobert , Navdeep Jaitly , Samy Bengio

Dataset distillation aims to compress a training dataset by creating a small number of informative synthetic samples such that neural networks trained on them perform as well as those trained on the original training dataset. Current text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Aru Maekawa , Satoshi Kosugi , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Tokenising continuous speech into sequences of discrete tokens and modelling them with language models (LMs) has led to significant success in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. Although these models can generate speech with high quality and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zehai Tu , Guangyan Zhang , Yiting Lu , Adaeze Adigwe , Simon King , Yiwen Guo

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise for capturing contextual information in natural language processing tasks. We propose a novel approach to speaker diarization that incorporates the prowess of LLMs to exploit contextual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Tae Jin Park , Kunal Dhawan , Nithin Koluguri , Jagadeesh Balam