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Deep reinforcement learning has been applied successfully to solve various real-world problems and the number of its applications in the multi-agent settings has been increasing. Multi-agent learning distinctly poses significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Doug Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi

Real-world cooperation often requires intensive coordination among agents simultaneously. This task has been extensively studied within the framework of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), and value decomposition methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shanqi Liu , Yujing Hu , Runze Wu , Dong Xing , Yu Xiong , Changjie Fan , Kun Kuang , Yong Liu

Recent progress in generative models has stimulated significant innovations in many fields, such as image generation and chatbots. Despite their success, these models often produce sketchy and misleading solutions for complex multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zeyang Liu , Xinrui Yang , Shiguang Sun , Long Qian , Lipeng Wan , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

This paper is concerned with evaluating different multiagent learning (MAL) algorithms in problems where individual agents may be heterogenous, in the sense of utilizing different learning strategies, without the opportunity for prior…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Stefano V. Albrecht , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to coordinate multiple agents to achieve a common goal. A key challenge in MARL is credit assignment, which involves assessing each agent's contribution to the shared reward. Given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xutong Zhao , Yaqi Xie

In real-world multi-agent systems, agents with different capabilities may join or leave without altering the team's overarching goals. Coordinating teams with such dynamic composition is challenging: the optimal team strategy varies with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Bo Liu , Qiang Liu , Peter Stone , Animesh Garg , Yuke Zhu , Animashree Anandkumar

Collaboration is a cornerstone of society. In the real world, human teammates make use of multi-sensory data to tackle challenging tasks in ever-changing environments. It is essential for embodied agents collaborating in visually-rich…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Qian Long , Zhi Li , Ran Gong , Ying Nian Wu , Demetri Terzopoulos , Xiaofeng Gao

Successful deployment of multi-agent reinforcement learning often requires agents to adapt their behaviour. In this work, we discuss the problem of teamwork adaptation in which a team of agents needs to adapt their policies to solve novel…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Lukas Schäfer , Filippos Christianos , Amos Storkey , Stefano V. Albrecht

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the behaviors that agents learn in a single Markov Game (MG) are typically confined to the given agent number. Every single MG induced by varying the population may possess distinct optimal joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shenao Zhang , Li Shen , Lei Han , Li Shen

The collaboration between agents has gradually become an important topic in multi-agent systems. The key is how to efficiently solve the credit assignment problems. This paper introduces MGAN for collaborative multi-agent reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Dapeng Li , Guoliang Fan

This paper addresses the challenges of high resource dynamism and scheduling complexity in cloud-native database systems. It proposes an adaptive resource orchestration method based on multi-agent reinforcement learning. The method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Guanzi Yao , Heyao Liu , Linyan Dai

We consider model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) in 2-agent, high-fidelity continuous control problems -- an important domain for robots interacting with other agents in the same workspace. For non-trivial dynamical systems, MBRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Orr Krupnik , Igor Mordatch , Aviv Tamar

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (c-MARL), agents learn to cooperatively take actions as a team to maximize a total team reward. We analyze the robustness of c-MARL to adversaries capable of attacking one of the agents on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Jieyu Lin , Kristina Dzeparoska , Sai Qian Zhang , Alberto Leon-Garcia , Nicolas Papernot

Collective intelligence is a fundamental trait shared by several species of living organisms. It has allowed them to thrive in the diverse environmental conditions that exist on our planet. From simple organisations in an ant colony to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Anuj Mahajan , Mikayel Samvelyan , Tarun Gupta , Benjamin Ellis , Mingfei Sun , Tim Rocktäschel , Shimon Whiteson

In graph-structured multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) adversarial tasks such as pursuit and confrontation, agents must coordinate under highly dynamic interactions, where sparse rewards hinder efficient policy learning. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ruochuan Shi , Runyu Lu , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

This paper presents mRAG, a multi-agent retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework composed of specialized agents for subtasks such as planning, searching, reasoning, and coordination. Our system uses a self-training paradigm with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Alireza Salemi , Mukta Maddipatla , Hamed Zamani

Memory mechanism is a core component of LLM-based agents, enabling reasoning and knowledge discovery over long-horizon contexts. Existing agent memory systems are typically designed within isolated paradigms (e.g., explicit, parametric, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xin Zhang , Kailai Yang , Chenyue Li , Hao Li , Qiyu Wei , Jun'ichi Tsujii , Sophia Ananiadou

Due to the complex interactions between agents, learning multi-agent control policy often requires a prohibited amount of data. This paper aims to enable multi-agent systems to effectively utilize past memories to adapt to novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-28 So Kuroki , Mai Nishimura , Tadashi Kozuno

The real world is awash with multi-agent problems that require collective action by self-interested agents, from the routing of packets across a computer network to the management of irrigation systems. Such systems have local incentives…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Michiel A. Bakker , Richard Everett , Laura Weidinger , Iason Gabriel , William S. Isaac , Joel Z. Leibo , Edward Hughes

In this paper, we devise three actor-critic algorithms with decentralized training for multi-agent reinforcement learning in cooperative, adversarial, and mixed settings with continuous action spaces. To this goal, we adapt the MADDPG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Diego Bolliger , Lorenz Zauter , Robert Ziegler