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From a young age humans learn to use grammatical principles to hierarchically combine words into sentences. Action grammars is the parallel idea, that there is an underlying set of rules (a "grammar") that govern how we hierarchically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Petros Christodoulou , Robert Tjarko Lange , Ali Shafti , A. Aldo Faisal

Recent advances in diffusion-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods have demonstrated promising results in a wide range of continuous control tasks. However, existing works in this field focus on the application of diffusion policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shutong Ding , Yimiao Zhou , Ke Hu , Mokai Pan , Shan Zhong , Yanwei Fu , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

Equipping large language models with explicit skills has emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling autonomous agents to solve complex tasks. Agent skills can be inherently divided into general skills for broad cognitive transfer and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiapeng Zhu , Jianxiang Yu , Yibo Zhao , Chengcheng Han , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Li , Weining Qian

Reinforcement Learning from human feedback (RLHF) has been shown a promising direction for aligning generative models with human intent and has also been explored in recent works for alignment of diffusion generative models. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hanyang Zhao , Haoxian Chen , Ji Zhang , David D. Yao , Wenpin Tang

This paper introduces PG-Rainbow, a novel algorithm that incorporates a distributional reinforcement learning framework with a policy gradient algorithm. Existing policy gradient methods are sample inefficient and rely on the mean of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 WooJae Jeon , KangJun Lee , Jeewoo Lee

We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia

Agentic Reinforcement Learning (ARL) trains large language models to interleave reasoning with external tool execution to solve complex tasks. Most existing ARL methods train a single set of parameters to support both reasoning and tool-use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yu Li , Mingyang Yi , Xiuyu Li , Ju Fan , Fuxin Jiang , Binbin Chen , Peng Li , Jie Song , Tieying Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a viable strategy for automated cyber defense (ACD). The traditional RL approach represents networks as a list of computers in various states of safety or threat. Unfortunately, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Isaiah J. King , Benjamin Bowman , H. Howie Huang

Several applications in the scientific simulation of physical systems can be formulated as control/optimization problems. The computational models for such systems generally contain hyperparameters, which control solution fidelity and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-09 Suraj Pawar , Romit Maulik

Risk-aware Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms like SAC and TD3 were shown empirically to outperform their risk-neutral counterparts in a variety of continuous-action tasks. However, the theoretical basis for the pessimistic objectives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Michal Nauman , Marek Cygan

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

Option-critic learning is a general-purpose reinforcement learning (RL) framework that aims to address the issue of long term credit assignment by leveraging temporal abstractions. However, when dealing with extended timescales, discounting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Akshay Dharmavaram , Matthew Riemer , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful method for controlling dynamic systems, but its learning mechanism can lead to unpredictable actions that undermine the safety of critical systems. Here, we propose RL with Adaptive Regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Haozhe Tian , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Robert Shorten , Pietro Ferraro

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) commonly adopts centralized training with decentralized execution, where value-factorization methods enforce the individual-global-maximum (IGM) principle so that decentralized greedy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengrui Qu , Christopher Yeh , Kishan Panaganti , Eric Mazumdar , Adam Wierman

Recently, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown the promise to solve complex cooperative tasks. Its success is partly because of parameter sharing among agents. However, such sharing may lead agents to behave similarly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Chenghao Li , Tonghan Wang , Chengjie Wu , Qianchuan Zhao , Jun Yang , Chongjie Zhang

In many reinforcement learning tasks, the agent has to learn to interact with many objects of different types and generalize to unseen combinations and numbers of objects. Often a task is a composition of previously learned tasks (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Fan Feng , Sara Magliacane

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) and model-free reinforcement learning (MFRL) evolve along distinct paths but converge in the design of Dyna-Q [1]. However, modern RL methods still struggle with effective transferability across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Quanxi Zhou , Wencan Mao , Manabu Tsukada , John C. S. Lui , Yusheng Ji

We propose a new algorithm, Mean Actor-Critic (MAC), for discrete-action continuous-state reinforcement learning. MAC is a policy gradient algorithm that uses the agent's explicit representation of all action values to estimate the gradient…

In this work we present a new agent architecture, called Reactor, which combines multiple algorithmic and architectural contributions to produce an agent with higher sample-efficiency than Prioritized Dueling DQN (Wang et al., 2016) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Audrunas Gruslys , Will Dabney , Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Bilal Piot , Marc Bellemare , Remi Munos

This paper introduces Anticipatory Reinforcement Learning (ARL), a novel framework designed to bridge the gap between non-Markovian decision processes and classical reinforcement learning architectures, specifically under the constraint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Daniel Bloch