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Related papers: Spatially-Aware Evaluation of Segmentation Uncerta…

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Trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) is essential in healthcare, particularly for high-stakes tasks like medical image segmentation. Explainable AI and uncertainty quantification significantly enhance AI reliability by addressing key…

In image segmentation, there is often more than one plausible solution for a given input. In medical imaging, for example, experts will often disagree about the exact location of object boundaries. Estimating this inherent uncertainty and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Miguel Monteiro , Loïc Le Folgoc , Daniel Coelho de Castro , Nick Pawlowski , Bernardo Marques , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Mark van der Wilk , Ben Glocker

This paper proposes a two-stage segmentation model, variable-input based uncertainty measures and an uncertainty-guided post-processing method for prostate segmentation on 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI). The two-stage model was based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Huitong Pan , Yushan Feng , Quan Chen , Craig Meyer , Xue Feng

Although the existing uncertainty-based semi-supervised medical segmentation methods have achieved excellent performance, they usually only consider a single uncertainty evaluation, which often fails to solve the problem related to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yuanpeng He , Lijian Li

Nearly all spatial reasoning problems involve uncertainty of one sort or another. Uncertainty arises due to the inaccuracies of sensors used in measuring distances and angles. We refer to this as directional uncertainty. Uncertainty also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Kenneth Basye , Thomas L. Dean

Quantifying aleatoric uncertainty in medical image segmentation is critical since it is a reflection of the natural variability observed among expert annotators. A conventional approach is to model the segmentation distribution using the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Phi Van Nguyen , Ngoc Huynh Trinh , Duy Minh Lam Nguyen , Phu Loc Nguyen , Quoc Long Tran

Segmenting visual stimuli into distinct groups of features and visual objects is central to visual function. Classical psychophysical methods have helped uncover many rules of human perceptual segmentation, and recent progress in machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jonathan Vacher , Claire Launay , Pascal Mamassian , Ruben Coen-Cagli

Semi-supervised learning has made significant strides in the medical domain since it alleviates the heavy burden of collecting abundant pixel-wise annotated data for semantic segmentation tasks. Existing semi-supervised approaches enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Xu Zheng , Chong Fu , Haoyu Xie , Jialei Chen , Xingwei Wang , Chiu-Wing Sham

Deep learning (DL) networks have recently been shown to outperform other segmentation methods on various public, medical-image challenge datasets [3,11,16], especially for large pathologies. However, in the context of diseases such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Tanya Nair , Doina Precup , Douglas L. Arnold , Tal Arbel

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) enables robots and autonomous vehicles to identify previously visited locations by matching current observations against a database of known places. However, VPR systems face significant challenges when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Emily Miller , Michael Milford , Muhammad Burhan Hafez , SD Ramchurn , Shoaib Ehsan

In recent years, machine learning has witnessed extensive adoption across various sectors, yet its application in medical image-based disease detection and diagnosis remains challenging due to distribution shifts in real-world data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Masoumeh Javanbakhat , Md Tasnimul Hasan , Cristoph Lippert

Medical image segmentation modeling is a high-stakes task where understanding of uncertainty is crucial for addressing visual ambiguity. Prior work has developed segmentation models utilizing probabilistic or generative mechanisms to infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Andre Ye , Quan Ze Chen , Amy Zhang

Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) are widely used for evaluating medical image segmentation. They have also been criticised, when reported alone, for their unclear or even misleading clinical interpretation. DSCs…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-01 Wen Yan , Qianye Yang , Tom Syer , Zhe Min , Shonit Punwani , Mark Emberton , Dean C. Barratt , Bernard Chiu , Yipeng Hu

Knowing when a trained segmentation model is encountering data that is different to its training data is important. Understanding and mitigating the effects of this play an important part in their application from a performance and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 David S. W. Williams , Daniele De Martini , Matthew Gadd , Paul Newman

Segmentation uncertainty models predict a distribution over plausible segmentations for a given input, which they learn from the annotator variation in the training set. However, in practice these annotations can differ systematically in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Kilian Zepf , Eike Petersen , Jes Frellsen , Aasa Feragen

Existing displacement strategies in semi-supervised segmentation only operate on rectangular regions, ignoring anatomical structures and resulting in boundary distortions and semantic inconsistency. To address these issues, we propose UCAD,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chengbo Ding , Fenghe Tang , Shaohua Kevin Zhou

Robots in human-centered environments require accurate scene understanding to perform high-level tasks effectively. This understanding can be achieved through instance-aware semantic mapping, which involves reconstructing elements at the…

Image-based environment perception is an important component especially for driver assistance systems or autonomous driving. In this scope, modern neuronal networks are used to identify multiple objects as well as the according position and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Fabian Küppers

Deep learning models (DLMs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance in histopathology image segmentation and classification, but have limited deployment potential in real-world clinical settings. Uncertainty estimates of DLMs can increase…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Audrey Xie , Elhoucine Elfatimi , Sambuddha Ghosal , Pratik Shah

Uncertainty in medical image segmentation is inherently non-uniform, with boundary regions exhibiting substantially higher ambiguity than interior areas. Conventional training treats all pixels equally, leading to unstable optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jinming Zhang , Youpeng Yang , Xi Yang , Haosen Shi , Yuyao Yan , Qiufeng Wang , Guangliang Cheng , Kaizhu Huang