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The Love numbers of a gravitating body are response coefficients encoding its tidal deformability. In compact binary systems, they appear in the gravitational waveform during the inspiral phase and will be measurable by upcoming…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 María J. Rodríguez , Luca Santoni , Adam R. Solomon

The tidal response of compact objects provides a powerful probe of their internal structure and of the surrounding gravitational field. We provide a comprehensive and unified overview of tidal effects in black holes, neutron stars, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Sumanta Chakraborty , Paolo Pani

The deformability of a compact object induced by a perturbing tidal field is encoded in the tidal Love numbers, which depend sensibly on the object's internal structure. These numbers are known only for static, spherically-symmetric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Paolo Pani , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli , Valeria Ferrari

Under tidal forcing, icy satellites with subsurface oceans deform as if the surface were a membrane stretched around a fluid layer. `Membrane worlds' is thus a fitting name for these bodies and membrane theory provides the perfect toolbox…

Geophysics · Physics 2015-10-26 Mikael Beuthe

Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences are valuable for testing theories of gravity in the strong field regime. By measuring neutron star tidal deformability using gravitational waves from binary neutron stars, stringent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-21 Stephanie M. Brown

The tidal deformability of compact objects by a companion has a detectable imprint in the gravitational waves emitted by a binary system. This effect is governed by the so-called tidal Love numbers. For a particular theory of gravity, these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-25 Vitor Cardoso , Francisco Duque

The response of astrophysical compact objects to external tidal fields carries valuable information on the nature of these objects, on the equation of state of matter, and on the underlying gravitational theory. In this work, we highlight…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-23 Takuya Katagiri , Kent Yagi , Vitor Cardoso

We develop a framework to compute the tidal response of a Kerr-like compact object in terms of its reflectivity, compactness, and spin, both in the static and the frequency-dependent case. Here we focus on the low-frequency regime, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-17 Sumanta Chakraborty , Elisa Maggio , Michela Silvestrini , Paolo Pani

An important physical phenomenon that manifests itself during the inspiral of two orbiting compact objects is the tidal deformation of each under the gravitational influence of its companion. In the case of binary neutron star mergers, this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-22 Vaishak Prasad , Anshu Gupta , Sukanta Bose , Badri Krishnan

In Newtonian gravitational theory, a tidal Love number relates the mass multipole moment created by tidal forces on a spherical body to the applied tidal field. The Love number is dimensionless, and it encodes information about the body's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-29 Taylor Binnington , Eric Poisson

We discuss the response of neutron stars to the tidal interaction in a compact binary system, as encoded in the Love number associated with the induced deformation. This problem is of interest for gravitational-wave astronomy as there may…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-29 A. J. Penner , N. Andersson , L. Samuelsson , I. Hawke , D. I. Jones

Unimodular gravity is a modified theory with respect to general relativity by an extra condition that the determinant of the metric is fixed. Especially, if the energy-momentum tensor is not imposed to be conserved separately, a new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-02 Rui-Xin Yang , Fei Xie , Dao-Jun Liu

As a possible alternative to black holes, horizonless compact objects have significant implications for gravitational-wave physics. In this work, we utilize the standard linearized theory of general relativity to calculate the quadrupolar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-08 Rui-Xin Yang , Fei Xie , Dao-Jun Liu

When in a tight binary, the mutual tidal deformations of neutron stars imprint onto observables, encoding information about their internal structure at supranuclear densities and gravity in the extreme-gravity regime. Gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-22 Kent Yagi , Nicolas Yunes

One of the macroscopically measurable effects of gravity is the tidal deformability of astrophysical objects, which can be quantified by their tidal Love numbers. For planets and stars, these numbers measure the resistance of their material…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-25 Cecilia Chirenti , Camilo Posada , Victor Guedes

The tidal Love numbers (TLNs) encode the deformability of a self-gravitating object immersed in a tidal environment and depend significantly both on the object's internal structure and on the dynamics of the gravitational field. An…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-13 Vitor Cardoso , Edgardo Franzin , Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani , Guilherme Raposo

The moment of inertia, the spin-induced quadrupole moment, and the tidal Love number of neutron-star and quark-star models are related through some relations which depend only mildly on the stellar equation of state. These "I-Love-Q"…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-14 Nami Uchikata , Shijun Yoshida , Paolo Pani

We show that rotating black holes do not experience any tidal deformation when they are perturbed by a weak and adiabatic gravitational field. The tidal deformability of an object is quantified by the so-called "Love numbers", which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Horng Sheng Chia

The tidal properties of a neutron star are measurable in the gravitational waves emitted from inspiraling binary neutron stars, and they have been used to constrain the neutron star equation of state. In the same spirit, we study the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-07 Kwing-Lam Leung , Ming-Chung Chu , Lap-Ming Lin

We study the tidal deformations of various known black hole and wormhole solutions in a simple context of warped compactification -- Randall-Sundrum theory in which the four-dimensional spacetime geometry is that of a brane embedded in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-02 H. S. Tan
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