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While large language models (LLMs) present significant potential for supporting numerous real-world applications and delivering positive social impacts, they still face significant challenges in terms of the inherent risk of privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Huandong Wang , Wenjie Fu , Yingzhou Tang , Zhilong Chen , Yuxi Huang , Jinghua Piao , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Tao Jiang , Yong Li

There is growing interest in the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in policing, but there are potential risks. We have developed a practical approach to identifying risks, grounded in the policing and legal system of England and Wales. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Muffy Calder , Marion Oswald , Elizabeth McClory-Tiarks , Michele Sevegnani , Evdoxia Taka

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in critical applications has introduced severe reliability and security risks, as LLMs remain vulnerable to notorious threats such as hallucinations, jailbreak attacks, and backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shide Zhou , Kailong Wang , Ling Shi , Haoyu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities and contributed to multiple fields, such as generating and summarizing text, language translation, and question-answering. Nowadays, LLM is becoming a very popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content that is as persuasive as human-written text and appear capable of selectively producing deceptive outputs. These capabilities raise concerns about potential misuse and unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Cameron R. Jones , Benjamin K. Bergen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, but their increasing autonomy in real-world applications raises concerns about their trustworthiness. While hallucinations-unintentional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haoran Huan , Mihir Prabhudesai , Mengning Wu , Shantanu Jaiswal , Deepak Pathak

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has sparked widespread and general interest due to their strong language generation capabilities, offering great potential for both industry and research. While previous research delved into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Lukas Struppek , Minh Hieu Le , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

We find that language models have difficulties generating fallacious and deceptive reasoning. When asked to generate deceptive outputs, language models tend to leak honest counterparts but believe them to be false. Exploiting this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yue Zhou , Henry Peng Zou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in solving various tasks, progressively evolving into general-purpose assistants. The increasing integration of LLMs into society has sparked interest in whether they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Hongyi Wang , Ying Cheng , Xiangliang Zhang , James Zou , Lichao Sun

With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), numerous efforts have revealed their vulnerabilities to jailbreak attacks. Although these studies have driven the progress in LLMs' safety alignment, it remains unclear whether LLMs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Zhe Wang , Yijun Lin , Zenghao Duan , zhifei zheng , Min Liu , Zhiyi yin , Jianping Zhang

The ever-increasing workload of digital forensic labs raises concerns about law enforcement's ability to conduct both cyber-related and non-cyber-related investigations promptly. Consequently, this article explores the potential and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Akila Wickramasekara , Frank Breitinger , Mark Scanlon

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining artificial intelligence (AI) systems with human communication and everyday life. Thus, aligning them with human values is of great importance. However, given the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thilo Hagendorff

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Their impact extends across a diverse spectrum of tasks, revolutionizing how we approach language understanding and generations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He , Erfan Shayegani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in cybersecurity applications but have also caused lower confidence due to problems like hallucinations and a lack of truthfulness. Existing benchmarks provide general evaluations but…

The recent surge in jailbreaking attacks has revealed significant vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) when exposed to malicious inputs. While various defense strategies have been proposed to mitigate these threats, there has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tianlong Li , Zhenghua Wang , Wenhao Liu , Muling Wu , Shihan Dou , Changze Lv , Xiaohua Wang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized our comprehension of intelligence bringing us closer to Artificial Intelligence. Since their introduction, researchers have actively explored the applications of LLMs across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Farzad Nourmohammadzadeh Motlagh , Mehrdad Hajizadeh , Mehryar Majd , Pejman Najafi , Feng Cheng , Christoph Meinel

The rising use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to create and disseminate malware poses a significant cybersecurity challenge due to their ability to generate and distribute attacks with ease. A single prompt can initiate a wide array of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jamal Al-Karaki , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Marwan Omar

Recent explorations with commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown that non-expert users can jailbreak LLMs by simply manipulating their prompts; resulting in degenerate output behavior, privacy and security breaches, offensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Abhinav Rao , Sachin Vashistha , Atharva Naik , Somak Aditya , Monojit Choudhury

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar
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