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Black-box optimization is a very active area of research, with many new algorithms being developed every year. This variety is needed, on the one hand, since different algorithms are most suitable for different types of optimization…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Anja Jankovic , Tome Eftimov , Carola Doerr

This study explores the influence of modules on the performance of modular optimization frameworks for continuous single-objective black-box optimization. There is an extensive variety of modules to choose from when designing algorithm…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ana Nikolikj , Ana Kostovska , Diederick Vermetten , Carola Doerr , Tome Eftimov

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are characterized by their capacity of processing graph-structured data. However, due to the sparsity of labels under semi-supervised learning, they have been found to exhibit biased performance on specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful models that have been successful in various graph representation learning tasks. Whereas gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT) often outperform other machine learning methods when faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Sergei Ivanov , Liudmila Prokhorenkova

Recent numerical experiments have demonstrated that the choice of optimization geometry used during training can impact generalization performance when learning expressive nonlinear model classes such as deep neural networks. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Nicholas M. Boffi , Stephen Tu , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine

Gradient-free black-box optimization (BBO) is widely used in engineering design and provides a flexible framework for topology optimization (TO), enabling the discovery of high-performing structural designs without requiring gradient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jelle Westra , Iván Olarte Rodríguez , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Elena Raponi

Optimization of high-dimensional black-box functions is an extremely challenging problem. While Bayesian optimization has emerged as a popular approach for optimizing black-box functions, its applicability has been limited to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-06 Zi Wang , Chengtao Li , Stefanie Jegelka , Pushmeet Kohli

Benchmarking in continuous black-box optimisation is hindered by the limited structural diversity of existing test suites such as BBOB. We explore whether large language models embedded in an evolutionary loop can be used to design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Urban Skvorc , Niki van Stein , Moritz Seiler , Britta Grimme , Thomas Bäck , Heike Trautmann

Black box discrete optimization (BBDO) appears in wide range of engineering tasks. Evolutionary or other BBDO approaches have been applied, aiming at automating necessary tuning of system parameters, such as hyper parameter tuning of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Kouhei Nishida , Hernan Aguirre , Shota Saito , Shinichi Shirakawa , Youhei Akimoto

The encoding of solutions in black-box optimization is a delicate, handcrafted balance between expressiveness and domain knowledge -- between exploring a wide variety of solutions, and ensuring that those solutions are useful. Our main…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Adam Gaier , Alexander Asteroth , Jean-Baptiste Mouret

The performance of graph representation learning is affected by the quality of graph input. While existing research usually pursues a globally smoothed graph embedding, we believe the rarely observed anomalies are as well harmful to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Bingxin Zhou , Yuanhong Jiang , Yu Guang Wang , Jingwei Liang , Junbin Gao , Shirui Pan , Xiaoqun Zhang

Black-box optimization often relies on evolutionary and swarm algorithms whose performance is highly problem dependent. We view an optimizer as a short program over a small vocabulary of search operators and learn this operator program…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Junbo Jacob Lian , Mingyang Yu , Kaichen Ouyang , Shengwei Fu , Rui Zhong , Yujun Zhang , Jun Zhang , Huiling Chen

Automated per-instance algorithm selection and configuration have shown promising performances for a number of classic optimization problems, including satisfiability, AI planning, and TSP. The techniques often rely on a set of features…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Tome Eftimov , Gorjan Popovski , Quentin Renau , Peter Korosec , Carola Doerr

Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is recognized as one of the most effective evolutionary algorithms, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in black-box optimization due to its derivative-free nature. Numerous enhancements to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xu Yang , Rui Wang , Kaiwen Li , Ling Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proposed for a wide range of graph-related learning tasks. In particular, in recent years, an increasing number of GNN systems were applied to predict molecular properties. However, a direct impediment…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-23 Yingfang Yuan , Wenjun Wang , Wei Pang

A long-standing goal in deep learning has been to characterize the learning behavior of black-box models in a more interpretable manner. For graph neural networks (GNNs), considerable advances have been made in formalizing what functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Chenxiao Yang , Qitian Wu , David Wipf , Ruoyu Sun , Junchi Yan

Motivated by the problem of tuning hyperparameters in machine learning, we present a new approach for gradually and adaptively optimizing an unknown function using estimated gradients. We validate the empirical performance of the proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Weijia Shao , Christian Geißler , Fikret Sivrikaya

Chemistry Foundation Models (CFMs) that leverage Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) operating on 3D molecular graph structures are becoming indispensable tools for computational chemists and materials scientists. These models facilitate the…

The present paper introduces a new representation-driven approach to per-instance algorithm selection, applied to black-box optimization, for automatically choosing the most promising solver from a fixed portfolio. Prior work in continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yiliang Yuan , Xiang Shi , Mustafa Misir

When training deep learning models, the performance depends largely on the selected hyperparameters. However, hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is often one of the most expensive parts of model design. Classical HPO methods treat this as a…