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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have driven impressive progress in omni-modal understanding and generation. However, training omni-modal LLMs remains a significant challenge due to the heterogeneous model architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Qianli Ma , Yaowei Zheng , Zhelun Shi , Zhongkai Zhao , Bin Jia , Ziyue Huang , Zhiqi Lin , Youjie Li , Jiacheng Yang , Yanghua Peng , Zhi Zhang , Xin Liu

Hybrid parallelism underpins large-scale LLM training across tens of thousands of GPUs. At such scale, hardware failures on individual devices lead to performance skew across devices, diminishing overall training efficiency. Existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tenghui Ma , Jihu Guo , Wei Gao , Sitian Lu , Zhisheng Ye , Hanjing Wang , Dahua Lin

As fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) becomes increasingly prevalent, users often rely on third-party services with limited visibility into their fine-tuning processes. This lack of transparency raises the question: how do consumers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Eva Zhang , Arka Pal , Akilesh Potti , Micah Goldblum

Time series is a pervasive data type across various application domains, rendering the reasonable solving of diverse time series tasks a long-standing goal. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), especially their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Boxin Li , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Jian Lou , See-Kiong Ng

While large language models have made significant progress in mathematical reasoning, they remain unreliable at judging the correctness of their own solutions. Existing approaches that equip models with self-verification typically treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Haihui Pan , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased impressive reasoning capabilities, particularly when guided by specifically designed prompts in complex reasoning tasks such as math word problems. These models typically solve tasks using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Lang Cao

Recent neural theorem provers use reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), where proof assistants provide binary correctness signals. While verifiable rewards are cheap and scalable without reward hacking issues, they suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zeynel A. Uluşan , Burak S. Akbudak , Can S. Erer , Gözde Gül Şahin

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

The landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) shifts rapidly towards dynamic, multi-agent systems. This introduces a fundamental challenge in establishing computational trust, specifically how one agent can verify that another's output was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zan-Kai Chong , Hiroyuki Ohsaki , Bryan Ng

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Rudy Bunel , Ilker Turkaslan , Philip H. S. Torr , Pushmeet Kohli , M. Pawan Kumar

Vectorization is a powerful optimization technique that significantly boosts the performance of high performance computing applications operating on large data arrays. Despite decades of research on auto-vectorization, compilers frequently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jubi Taneja , Avery Laird , Cong Yan , Madan Musuvathi , Shuvendu K. Lahiri

State-of-the-art language and vision models are routinely trained across thousands of GPUs, often spanning multiple data-centers, yet today's distributed frameworks still assume reliable connections (e.g., InfiniBand or RoCE). The resulting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Erez Weintraub , Ron Banner , Ariel Orda

Hardware design verification (DV) is a process that checks the functional equivalence of a hardware design against its specifications, improving hardware reliability and robustness. A key task in the DV process is the test stimuli…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zixi Zhang , Balint Szekely , Pedro Gimenes , Greg Chadwick , Hugo McNally , Jianyi Cheng , Robert Mullins , Yiren Zhao

Factual hallucination remains a central challenge for large language models (LLMs). Existing mitigation approaches primarily rely on either external post-hoc verification or mapping uncertainty directly to abstention during fine-tuning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Enes Altinisik , Masoomali Fatehkia , Fatih Deniz , Nadir Durrani , Majd Hawasly , Mohammad Raza , Husrev Taha Sencar

Selective layer-wise updates are essential for low-cost continued pre-training of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet determining which layers to freeze or train remains an empirical black-box problem due to the lack of interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yu-Hang Wu , Qin-Yuan Liu , Qiu-Yang Zhao , Bo Jiang , Jiang-Feng Yang , Qing-Wei Cong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, a critical challenge remains in that they sometimes generate factually incorrect answers. To address this, while many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Joonho Ko , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

In this paper, we present VerifyML, the first secure inference framework to check the fairness degree of a given Machine learning (ML) model. VerifyML is generic and is immune to any obstruction by the malicious model holder during the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Guowen Xu , Xingshuo Han , Gelei Deng , Tianwei Zhang , Shengmin Xu , Jianting Ning , Anjia Yang , Hongwei Li

Reasoning-augmented search agents such as Search-R1, trained via reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), demonstrate remarkable capabilities in multi-step information retrieval from external knowledge sources. These agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shu Zhao , Tan Yu , Anbang Xu , Japinder Singh , Aaditya Shukla , Rama Akkiraju

Large language models for code generation increasingly rely on synthetic data, where both problem solutions and verification tests are generated by models. While this enables scalable data creation, it introduces a previously unexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Srishti Gureja , Elena Tommasone , Jingyi He , Sara Hooker , Matthias Gallé , Marzieh Fadaee

Visual reasoning is central to human cognition, enabling individuals to interpret and abstractly understand their environment. Although recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Susan Liang , Guangyu Sun , Luchuan Song , Yunlong Tang , Jinxi He , Jiarui Wu , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu