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In the context of industrially mass-manufactured products, quality management is based on physically inspecting a small sample from a large batch and reasoning about the batch's quality conformance. When complementing physical inspections…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-22 Simon Cramer , Tobias Müller , Robert H. Schmitt

Modern autonomous systems with machine learning components often use uncertainty quantification to help produce assurances about system operation. However, there is a lack of consensus in the community on what uncertainty is and how to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Sampada Deglurkar , Haotian Shen , Anish Muthali , Marco Pavone , Dragos Margineantu , Peter Karkus , Boris Ivanovic , Claire J. Tomlin

Motion prediction is essential for safe and efficient autonomous driving. However, the inexplicability and uncertainty of complex artificial intelligence models may lead to unpredictable failures of the motion prediction module, which may…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Wenbo Shao , Yanchao Xu , Liang Peng , Jun Li , Hong Wang

The reliability assessment of a machine learning model's prediction is an important quantity for the deployment in safety critical applications. Not only can it be used to detect novel sceneries, either as out-of-distribution or anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Steve Dias Da Cruz , Bertram Taetz , Thomas Stifter , Didier Stricker

Fine-grained image-text alignment is a pivotal challenge in multimodal learning, underpinning key applications such as visual question answering, image captioning, and vision-language navigation. Unlike global alignment, fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiale Liu , Haoming Zhou , Yishu Liu , Bingzhi Chen , Yuncheng Jiang

Visual localization is the problem of estimating a camera within a scene and a key component in computer vision applications such as self-driving cars and Mixed Reality. State-of-the-art approaches for accurate visual localization use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Qunjie Zhou , Torsten Sattler , Marc Pollefeys , Laura Leal-Taixe

Uncertainty quantification is crucial for building reliable and trustable machine learning systems. We propose to estimate uncertainty in recurrent neural networks (RNNs) via stochastic discrete state transitions over recurrent timesteps.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Cheng Wang , Carolin Lawrence , Mathias Niepert

This study aims to improve the spatial representation of uncertainties when regressing surface wind speeds from large-scale atmospheric predictors for sub-seasonal forecasting. Sub-seasonal forecasting often relies on large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ganglin Tian , Anastase Alexandre Charantonis , Camille Le Coz , Alexis Tantet , Riwal Plougonven

Data-driven visual odometry (VO) is a critical subroutine for autonomous edge robotics, and recent progress in the field has produced highly accurate point predictions in complex environments. However, emerging autonomous edge robotics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Alex C. Stutts , Danilo Erricolo , Theja Tulabandhula , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Deep learning has enabled impressive progress in the accuracy of semantic segmentation. Yet, the ability to estimate uncertainty and detect failure is key for safety-critical applications like autonomous driving. Existing uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Hermann Blum , Paul-Edouard Sarlin , Juan Nieto , Roland Siegwart , Cesar Cadena

Reliable uncertainty estimation is crucial for robust object detection in autonomous driving. However, previous works on probabilistic object detection either learn predictive probability for bounding box regression in an un-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Di Feng , Lars Rosenbaum , Fabian Timm , Klaus Dietmayer

Data-driven model identification strategies can be used to obtain phenomenological models that capture the temporal evolution of observable data. While it is usually straightforward to obtain such a model from time series data, for instance…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Mohamed Akrout , Dan Wilson

GNSS localization is an important part of today's autonomous systems, although it suffers from non-Gaussian errors caused by non-line-of-sight effects. Recent methods are able to mitigate these effects by including the corresponding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Tim Pfeifer , Peter Protzel

Accurate localization in diverse environments is a fundamental challenge in computer vision and robotics. The task involves determining a sensor's precise position and orientation, typically a camera, within a given space. Traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Luca Di Giammarino , Boyang Sun , Giorgio Grisetti , Marc Pollefeys , Hermann Blum , Daniel Barath

Modeling data uncertainty is important for noisy images, but seldom explored for face recognition. The pioneer work, PFE, considers uncertainty by modeling each face image embedding as a Gaussian distribution. It is quite effective.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Jie Chang , Zhonghao Lan , Changmao Cheng , Yichen Wei

We consider a human-assisted autonomy sensor fusion for dynamic target localization in a Bayesian framework. Autonomous sensor-based tracking systems can suffer from observability and target detection failure. Humans possess valuable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Min-Won Seo , Solmaz S. Kia

The operating environment of a highly automated vehicle is subject to change, e.g., weather, illumination, or the scenario containing different objects and other participants in which the highly automated vehicle has to navigate its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Florian Heidecker , Ahmad El-Khateeb , Maarten Bieshaar , Bernhard Sick

Subset selection-based methods are widely used to explain deep vision models: they attribute predictions by highlighting the most influential image regions and support object-level explanations. While these methods perform well in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Madhav Gupta , Vishak Prasad C , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

'A trustworthy representation of uncertainty is desirable and should be considered as a key feature of any machine learning method' (Huellermeier and Waegeman, 2021). This conclusion of Huellermeier et al. underpins the importance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Dominik Werner Wolf , Alexander Braun , Markus Ulrich

Reliable uncertainty estimation for 3D object detection is critical for deploying safe autonomous systems, yet modern detectors remain poorly calibrated, especially under distribution shifts. Although post-hoc calibration methods address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Till Beemelmanns , Alexey Nekrasov , Stefan Vilceanu , Jonas Steinhaus , Timo Woopen , Bastian Leibe , Lutz Eckstein