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Recently, neural networks have been widely applied for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Although such methods have been proven remarkably successful on practical engineering problems, they have not been shown, theoretically or…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Jonathan W. Siegel , Qingguo Hong , Xianlin Jin , Wenrui Hao , Jinchao Xu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [31] use automatic differentiation to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by penalizing the PDE in the loss function at a random set of points in the domain of interest. Here, we develop a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-03 E. Kharazmi , Z. Zhang , G. E. Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constitute a flexible deep learning approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), which model phenomena ranging from heat conduction to quantum mechanical systems. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aleksander Krasowski , René P. Klausen , Aycan Celik , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek , Jonas Naujoks

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted significant attention for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in recent years because they alleviate the curse of dimensionality that appears in traditional methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yihang Gao , Ka Chun Cheung , Michael K. Ng

In this work, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) and their application in approximating PDEs with two characteristic scales. From a continuous perspective, our formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Michael Hintermüller , Denis Korolev

Neural networks can be trained to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the PDE residual as the loss function. This strategy is called "physics-informed neural networks" (PINNs), but it currently cannot produce high-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Qi Zeng , Yash Kothari , Spencer H. Bryngelson , Florian Schäfer

Solving time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) that exhibit sharp gradients or local singularities is computationally demanding, as traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) often suffer from inefficient point…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Beining Xu , Haijun Yu , Jiayu Zhai , Kejun Tang , Xiaoliang Wan

Successfully training Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for highly nonlinear PDEs on complex 3D domains remains a challenging task. In this paper, PINNs are employed to solve the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations at…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Saakaar Bhatnagar , Andrew Comerford , Araz Banaeizadeh

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are notoriously difficult to solve. In general, closed-form solutions are not available and numerical approximation schemes are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose to approach the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Nils Wandel , Michael Weinmann , Michael Neidlin , Reinhard Klein

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a novel computational approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy and sparse initial and boundary data. Although, efficient quantification of epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Júlia Vicens Figueres , Juliette Vanderhaeghen , Federica Bragone , Kateryna Morozovska , Khemraj Shukla

Accurate modeling of closure terms is a critical challenge in engineering and scientific research, particularly when data is sparse (scarse or incomplete), making widely applicable models difficult to develop. This study proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Tian Chen , Shengping Liu , Li Liu , Heng Yong

Large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have shown that even trained with noisy prior data, they can generalize effectively to new tasks through in-context learning (ICL) and pre-training techniques. Motivated by this, we explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingu Kang , Dongseok Lee , Woojin Cho , Jaehyeon Park , Kookjin Lee , Anthony Gruber , Youngjoon Hong , Noseong Park

Complex physical systems are often described by partial differential equations (PDEs) that depend on parameters such as the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics. In applications such as design optimization or uncertainty quantification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Woojin Cho , Minju Jo , Haksoo Lim , Kookjin Lee , Dongeun Lee , Sanghyun Hong , Noseong Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged recently as a promising application of deep neural networks to the numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). However, it has been recognized that adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Levi McClenny , Ulisses Braga-Neto

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promising potential for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep learning. However, PINNs face training difficulties for evolutionary PDEs, particularly for dynamical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Siqi Chen , Bin Shan , Ye Li

In recent years, the researches about solving partial differential equations (PDEs) based on artificial neural network have attracted considerable attention. In these researches, the neural network models are usually designed depend on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Bo Zhang , Chao Yang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, training PINNs from scratch is often computationally intensive and time-consuming. To address this problem,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-21 Sidi Wu

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Zhiping Mao , George E. Karniadakis

This work investigates the use of shallow physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for solving forward and inverse problems of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). By reformulating PINNs as nonlinear systems, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Muhammad Luthfi Shahab , Imam Mukhlash , Hadi Susanto