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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models in external evidence, yet it still falters when answers must be pieced together across semantically distant documents. We close this gap with the Hierarchical Lexical Graph…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding responses in external knowledge during inference. However, conventiona RAG systems under-perform on structured tabular data, largely due to coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zebin Guo , Weidong Geng , Ruichen Mao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard way to ground large language models in external knowledge, but many systems still organize evidence as flat chunks and retrieve it through largely unstructured search. This weak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Miaohe Niu , Lianlei Shan , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu , Tong Xiao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge during generation. However, the effectiveness of RAG depends not only on the design of the retriever and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xudong Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Qigan Sun , Zhenzhen Huang , Chang Lu , Sheng Zheng , Zeyu Ma , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to augment the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving and incorporate external documents or chunks prior to generation. However, even improved retriever relevance can brings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by structuring retrieval over an external corpus. However, existing approaches typically assume a static corpus, requiring expensive full-graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Fangyuan Zhang , Zhengjun Huang , Yingli Zhou , Qintian Guo , Zhixun Li , Wensheng Luo , Di Jiang , Yixiang Fang , Xiaofang Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to ground large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge, yet it remains largely underexplored for improving reasoning. Existing methods either rely on online exploration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiaxiang Chen , Zhuo Wang , Mingxi Zou , Qifan Wang , Zenglin Xu

Current document chunking methods for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) typically linearize text. This forced linearization strips away intrinsic topological hierarchies, creating ``semantic fragmentation'' that degrades downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiaoyu Liu

This paper introduces an approach for training o1-like RAG models that retrieve and reason over relevant information step by step before generating the final answer. Conventional RAG methods usually perform a single retrieval step before…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Liang Wang , Haonan Chen , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Zhicheng Dou , Furu Wei

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, practitioners face significant challenges when making RAG deployment decisions. While existing research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shengming Zhao , Yuchen Shao , Yuheng Huang , Jiayang Song , Zhijie Wang , Chengcheng Wan , Lei Ma

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning boosts large language models' (LLMs) performance on complex tasks but faces two key limitations: a lack of reliability when solely relying on LLM-generated reasoning chains and lower reasoning performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Feiyang Li , Peng Fang , Zhan Shi , Arijit Khan , Fang Wang , Weihao Wang , Xin Zhang , Yongjian Cui

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are a promising approach to structuring knowledge contained within the corpora of research literature produced by large-scale and long-running scientific collaborations. Within experimental particle…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-09-09 James McGreivy , Blaise Delaney , Anja Beck , Mike Williams

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising method for addressing some of the memory-related challenges associated with Large Language Models (LLMs). Two separate systems form the RAG pipeline, the retriever and the reader, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Alexandria Leto , Cecilia Aguerrebere , Ishwar Bhati , Ted Willke , Mariano Tepper , Vy Ai Vo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to mitigate hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging external knowledge. While effective for simple queries, traditional RAG systems struggle with large-scale,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luyao Zhuang , Shengyuan Chen , Yilin Xiao , Huachi Zhou , Yujing Zhang , Hao Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Xiao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in knowledge-intensive tasks by grounding language generation in external evidence. Despite its success, many existing RAG systems are built based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Lichang Song , Ting Long , Yi Chang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) is a powerful solution to understand and query the industry's closed-source documents. However, basic RAG often struggles with complex QA tasks in legal and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Huifeng Lin , Gang Su , Jintao Liang , You Wu , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li

We introduce a novel retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework tailored for multihop question answering. First, our system uses large language model (LLM) to decompose complex multihop questions into a sequence of single-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Seokgi Lee

Automated code review comment generation (RCG) aims to assist developers by automatically producing natural language feedback for code changes. Existing approaches are primarily either generation-based, using pretrained language models, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hyunsun Hong , Jongmoon Baik

Since the launch of ChatGPT at the end of 2022, generative dialogue models represented by ChatGPT have quickly become essential tools in daily life. As user expectations increase, enhancing the capability of generative dialogue models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yuetong Zhao , Hongyu Cao , Xianyu Zhao , Zhijian Ou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems commonly adopt retrieval fusion techniques such as multi-query retrieval and reciprocal rank fusion (RRF) to increase document recall, under the assumption that higher recall leads to better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luigi Medrano , Arush Verma , Mukul Chhabra