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Flocks of birds, schools of fish, insects swarms are examples of coordinated motion of a group that arises spontaneously from the action of many individuals. Here, we study flocking behavior from the viewpoint of multi-agent reinforcement…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-08 Mihir Durve , Fernando Peruani , Antonio Celani

Understanding collective self-organization in active matter, such as bird flocks and fish schools, remains a grand challenge in physics. Interactions that induce alignment are essential for flocking; however, alignment alone is generally…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-01 Julian Giraldo-Barreto , Viktor Holubec

This paper presents a position-based flocking model for interacting agents, balancing cohesion-separation and alignment to achieve stable collective motion. The model modifies a position-velocity-based approach by approximating velocity…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Hossein B. Jond

Flocking is a coordinated collective behavior that results from local sensing between individual agents that have a tendency to orient towards each other. Flocking is common among animal groups and might also be useful in robotic swarms. In…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Daniel Y. Fu , Emily S. Wang , Peter M. Krafft , Barbara J. Grosz

We introduce a stochastic agent-based model for the flocking dynamics of self-propelled particles that exhibit velocity-alignment interactions with neighbours within their field of view. The stochasticity in the dynamics of the model arises…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-24 Trilochan Bagarti , Shakti N. Menon

Over the past few decades, the research community has been interested in the study of multi-agent systems and their emerging collective dynamics. These systems are all around us in nature, like bacterial colonies, fish schools, bird flocks,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-12-12 Gourab Kumar Sar , Dibakar Ghosh

The study of flocking in biological systems has identified conditions for self-organized collective behavior, inspiring the development of decentralized strategies to coordinate the dynamics of swarms of drones and other autonomous…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-05 Arthur N. Montanari , Ana Elisa D. Barioni , Chao Duan , Adilson E. Motter

The cohesive collective motion (flocking, swarming) of autonomous agents is ubiquitously observed and exploited in both natural and man-made settings, thus, minimal models for its description are essential. In a model with continuous space…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-12 Illes J. Farkas , Jeromos Kun , Yi Jin , Gaoqi He , Mingliang Xu

In this work, we study the inverse problem of identifying complex flocking dynamics in a domain cluttered with obstacles. We get inspiration from animal flocks moving in complex ways with capabilities far beyond what current robots can do.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Amoolya Tirumalai , Christos N. Mavridis , John S. Baras

Robots sometimes have to work together with a mixture of partially-aligned or conflicting goals. Flocking - coordinated motion through cohesion, alignment, and separation - traditionally assumes uniform desired inter-agent distances. Many…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Peter Travis Jardine , Sidney Givigi

Alignment interactions in active matter are typically modeled as relaxational dynamics toward local consensus. In unbounded systems, this makes alignment effectively decoupled from local density and therefore unable to sustain self-confined…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-10 Julian Giraldo-Barreto , Viktor Holubec

Flocking, as paradigmatically exemplified by birds, is the coherent collective motion of active agents. As originally conceived, flocking emerges through alignment interactions between the agents. Here, we report that flocking can also…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-07-16 Suchismita Das , Matteo Ciarchi , Ziqi Zhou , Jing Yan , Jie Zhang , Ricard Alert

Collective behaviors such as swarming and flocking emerge from simple, decentralized interactions in biological systems. Existing models, such as Vicsek and Cucker-Smale, lack collision avoidance, whereas the Olfati-Saber model imposes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hossein B. Jond

Collective motion in animal groups provide examples of emergent, decentralised coordination. Here, we examine a bottom-up model of collective behavior based on Future State Maximisation (FSM). In this model agents seek to maximise the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-22 Sam Turley , Matthew Turner

The flocking of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous environments is relevant to both natural and artificial systems. The Vicsek model is a canonical choice to investigate such systems due to the minimal number of parameters required…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Eighdi Aung , Nicole Abaid , James E. McClure

Flocking is ubiquitous in nature and emerges due to short- or long-range alignment interactions among self-propelled agents. Two unfriendly species that antialign or even interact nonreciprocally show more complex collective phenomena,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-17 Jiwon Choi , Jae Dong Noh , Heiko Rieger

A simple model of the two dimensional collective motion of a group of mobile agents have been studied. Like birds, these agents travel in open free space where each of them interacts with the first $n$ neighbors determined by the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-01-03 Biplab Bhattacherjee , K. Bhattacharya , S. S. Manna

A one-dimensional rule-based model for flocking, that combines velocity alignment and long-range centering interactions, is presented and studied. The induced cohesion in the collective motion of the self-propelled agents leads to a unique…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-19 V. Dossetti

This paper considers a group of mobile autonomous agents moving in Euclidean space with point mass dynamics. We introduce a set of coordination control laws that enable the group to generate the desired stable flocking motion. The control…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Long Wang

This paper presents a novel zone-based flocking control approach suitable for dynamic multi-agent systems (MAS). Inspired by Reynolds behavioral rules for $boids$, flocking behavioral rules with the zones of repulsion, conflict, attraction,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hossein B. Jond
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