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While numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are essential for forecasting thunderstorms hours in advance, NWP uncertainty, which increases with lead time, limits the predictability of thunderstorm occurrence. This study investigates how…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia , Tobias Bölle , Christoph Metzl

Optimal implementation and monitoring of wind energy generation hinge on reliable power modeling that is vital for understanding turbine control, farm operational optimization, and grid load balance. Based on the idea of similar wind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Hao Chen

Decision-makers rely on weather forecasts to plant crops, manage wildfires, allocate water and energy, and prepare for weather extremes. Today, such forecasts enjoy unprecedented accuracy out to two weeks thanks to steady advances in…

The widespread utilisation of grid-integrated wind electricity necessitates accurate and reliable wind speed forecasting to ensure stable grid and quality power. Machine learning algorithm based wind speed forecasting models are getting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-13 Valsaraj Perumpalot , G. V. Drisya , K. Satheesh Kumar

Over the last three decades, ensemble forecasts have become an integral part of forecasting the weather. They provide users with more complete information than single forecasts as they permit to estimate the probability of weather events by…

It has been documented that Spread-Error equality and a flat rank histogram are necessary but insufficient for demonstrating ensemble forecast reliability. Nevertheless, these metrics are heavily relied upon, both in the literature and at…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Arlan Dirkson , Mark Buehner

In Part I, we created an ensemble based on Spherical Fourier Neural Operators. As initial condition perturbations, we used bred vectors, and as model perturbations, we used multiple checkpoints trained independently from scratch. Based on…

Regression algorithms are regularly used for improving the accuracy of satellite precipitation products. In this context, satellite precipitation and topography data are the predictor variables, and gauged-measured precipitation data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

Current statistical post-processing methods for probabilistic weather forecasting are not capable of using full spatial patterns from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. In this paper we incorporate spatial wind speed information…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-21 Simon Veldkamp , Kirien Whan , Sjoerd Dirksen , Maurice Schmeits

By the end of 2023, renewable sources cover 63.4% of the total electric power demand of Chile, and in line with the global trend, photovoltaic (PV) power shows the most dynamic increase. Although Chile's Atacama Desert is considered the…

Multivariate probabilistic verification is concerned with the evaluation of joint probability distributions of vector quantities such as a weather variable at multiple locations or a wind vector for instance. The logarithmic score is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Martin Leutbecher , Sándor Baran

A new probabilistic post-processing method for wind vectors is presented in a distributional regression framework employing the bivariate Gaussian distribution. In contrast to previous studies all parameters of the distribution are…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-26 Moritz N. Lang , Georg J. Mayr , Reto Stauffer , Achim Zeileis

Accurate wind speed and direction forecasting is paramount across many sectors, spanning agriculture, renewable energy generation, and bushfire management. However, conventional forecasting models encounter significant challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Fuling Chen , Kevin Vinsen , Arthur Filoche

Differences between time-averaged and ensemble-averaged wind are studied for the case of changing wind direction. We consider a flow driven by a temporally turning pressure gradient in both an idealized case of a staggered cube array and a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-05-16 Jukka-Pekka Keskinen , Antti Hellsten

This study aims to develop and improve machine learning-based post-processing models for precipitation, temperature, and wind speed predictions using the Mesoscale Model (MSM) dataset provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) for 18…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Kazuma Iwase , Tomoyuki Takenawa

Accurate high-resolution spatial and temporal wind speed data is critical for estimating the wind energy potential of a location. For real-time wind speed prediction, statistical models typically depend on high-quality (near) real-time data…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-24 Eamonn Organ , Maeve Upton , Denis Allard , Lionel Benoit , James Sweeney

The importance of accurately quantifying forecast uncertainty has motivated much recent research on probabilistic forecasting. In particular, a variety of deep learning approaches has been proposed, with forecast distributions obtained as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Benedikt Schulz , Lutz Köhler , Sebastian Lerch

Numerical weather forecasting using high-resolution physical models often requires extensive computational resources on supercomputers, which diminishes their wide usage in most real-life applications. As a remedy, applying deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Selim Furkan Tekin , Arda Fazla , Suleyman Serdar Kozat

Ensemble techniques in recommender systems have demonstrated accuracy improvements of 10-30%, yet their environmental impact remains unmeasured. While deep learning recommendation algorithms can generate up to 3,297 kg CO2 per paper,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jannik Nitschke

Probabilistic forecasts in the form of ensemble of scenarios are required for complex decision making processes. Ensemble forecasting systems provide such products but the spatio-temporal structures of the forecast uncertainty is lost when…

Applications · Statistics 2016-12-21 Zied Ben Bouallegue , Tobias Heppelmann , Susanne E. Theis , Pierre Pinson