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Flash flooding is a significant societal problem, but related precipitation forecasts are often poor. To address this, one can try to use output from convection-parametrising (global) ensembles, post-processed to forecast at point-scale, or…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-12 Estíbaliz Gascón , Andrea Montani , Tim D. Hewson

Weather forecasting has seen a shift in methods from numerical simulations to data-driven systems. While initial research in the area focused on deterministic forecasting, recent works have used diffusion models to produce skillful ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Martin Andrae , Tomas Landelius , Joel Oskarsson , Fredrik Lindsten

Ensemble forecasting has proven over the years to be a vital tool for predicting extreme or only partially predictable weather events. In particular life-threatening weather events. Many National Meteorological Services in East Africa do…

Ensemble weather forecasts enable a measure of uncertainty to be attached to each forecast, by computing the ensemble's spread. However, generating an ensemble with a good spread-error relationship is far from trivial, and a wide range of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Sebastian Scher , Gabriele Messori

Uncertainty in the prediction of future weather is commonly assessed through the use of forecast ensembles that employ a numerical weather prediction model in distinct variants. Statistical postprocessing can correct for biases in the…

Applications · Statistics 2016-06-16 Annette Möller , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir , Alex Lenkoski , Tilmann Gneiting

Seamless forecasts are based on a combination of different sources to produce the best possible forecasts. Statistical multimodel postprocessing helps to combine various sources to achieve these seamless forecasts. However, when one of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-17 Markus Dabernig , Aitor Atencia

High-resolution precipitation forecasts are crucial for providing accurate weather prediction and supporting effective responses to extreme weather events. Traditional numerical models struggle with stochastic subgrid-scale processes, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuangshuang He , Hongli Liang , Yuanting Zhang , Xingyuan Yuan

Prediction of various weather quantities is mostly based on deterministic numerical weather forecasting models. Multiple runs of these models with different initial conditions result ensembles of forecasts which are applied for estimating…

Applications · Statistics 2014-04-09 Sándor Baran , Dóra Nemoda , András Horányi

Improving the skill of medium-range (3-8 day) severe weather prediction is crucial for mitigating societal impacts. This study introduces a novel approach leveraging decoder-only transformer networks to post-process AI-based weather…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Zhanxiang Hua , Ryan Sobash , David John Gagne , Yingkai Sha , Alexandra Anderson-Frey

We investigate the effect of statistical post-processing on the probabilistic skill of discomfort index (DI) and indoor wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGTid) ensemble forecasts, both calculated from the corresponding forecasts of temperature…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-23 Sándor Baran , Ágnes Baran , Florian Pappenberger , Zied Ben Bouallègue

Large-scale numerical simulations often produce high-dimensional gridded data that is challenging to process for downstream applications. A prime example is numerical weather prediction, where atmospheric processes are modeled using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jieyu Chen , Kevin Höhlein , Sebastian Lerch

The purpose of this study is to perform verification of the structural characteristics of high-resolution spatial forecasts without relying on an object identification algorithm. To this end, a wavelet approach developed for image texture…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-24 Florian Kapp , Petra Friederichs , Sebastian Brune , Michael Weniger

Issuing timely severe weather warnings helps mitigate potentially disastrous consequences. Recent advancements in Neural Weather Models (NWMs) offer a computationally inexpensive and fast approach for forecasting atmospheric environments on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Antoine Leclerc , Erwan Koch , Monika Feldmann , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler

Accurate time series forecasting is critical for a wide range of problems with temporal data. Ensemble modeling is a well-established technique for leveraging multiple predictive models to increase accuracy and robustness, as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Dimitris Bertsimas , Leonard Boussioux

Ensemble forecasts and their combination are examined from the perspective of probability spaces. Manipulating ensemble forecasts as discrete probability distributions, multi-model ensemble (MME) forecasts are reformulated as barycenters of…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-24 Camille Le Coz , Alexis Tantet , Rémi Flamary , Riwal Plougonven

The goal of ensemble forecasting is to maximise sharpness subject to reliability. Marginal reliability means that, over all cases, the ensemble is statistically consistent with reality: the ensemble mean is unbiased, the expected ensemble…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Jonas Spaeth , Christopher D. Roberts

Accurate and reliable probabilistic forecasts of hydrological quantities like runoff or water level are beneficial to various areas of society. Probabilistic state-of-the-art hydrological ensemble prediction models are usually driven with…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-17 Sándor Baran , Stephan Hemri , Mehrez El Ayari

Since the weather is chaotic, forecasts aim to predict the distribution of future states rather than make a single prediction. Recently, multiple data driven weather models have emerged claiming breakthroughs in skill. However, these have…

Forecasting the weather is an increasingly data intensive exercise. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are becoming more complex, with higher resolutions, and there are increasing numbers of different models in operation. While the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-17 Charlie Kirkwood , Theo Economou , Henry Odbert , Nicolas Pugeault