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Randomized smoothing is the dominant standard for provable defenses against adversarial examples. Nevertheless, this method has recently been proven to suffer from important information theoretic limitations. In this paper, we argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Raphael Ettedgui , Alexandre Araujo , Rafael Pinot , Yann Chevaleyre , Jamal Atif

Randomized smoothing, a method to certify a classifier's decision on an input is invariant under adversarial noise, offers attractive advantages over other certification methods. It operates in a black-box and so certification is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jamie Hayes

Image attribution analysis seeks to highlight the feature representations learned by visual models such that the highlighted feature maps can reflect the pixel-wise importance of inputs. Gradient integration is a building block in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Róisín Luo , James McDermott , Colm O'Riordan

As reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved great success and been even adopted in safety-critical domains such as autonomous vehicles, a range of empirical studies have been conducted to improve its robustness against adversarial attacks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Fan Wu , Linyi Li , Zijian Huang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ding Zhao , Bo Li

Explaining recommendations enables users to understand whether recommended items are relevant to their needs and has been shown to increase their trust in the system. More generally, if designing explainable machine learning models is key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin

Deep learning interpretation is essential to explain the reasoning behind model predictions. Understanding the robustness of interpretation methods is important especially in sensitive domains such as medical applications since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Alexander Levine , Sahil Singla , Soheil Feizi

Post-hoc feature attribution methods are widely deployed in safety-critical vision systems, yet their stability under realistic input perturbations remains poorly characterized. Existing metrics evaluate explanations primarily under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Kamalasankari Subramaniakuppusamy , Jugal Gajjar

Randomized smoothing (RS) is one of the prominent techniques to ensure the correctness of machine learning models, where point-wise robustness certificates can be derived analytically. While RS is well understood for classification, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Emmanouil Seferis , Changshun Wu , Stefanos Kollias , Saddek Bensalem , Chih-Hong Cheng

The expansion of explainable artificial intelligence as a field of research has generated numerous methods of visualizing and understanding the black box of a machine learning model. Attribution maps are generally used to highlight the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ian E. Nielsen , Ravi P. Ramachandran , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Hassan M. Fathallah-Shaykh , Ghulam Rasool

Randomized smoothing provides strong, model-agnostic robustness certificates, but existing guarantees are limited to single modalities, treating continuous and discrete inputs in isolation. This limitation becomes critical in multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Blaise Delattre , Hengyu Wu , Paul Caillon , Wei Yang Bryan Lim , Yang Cao

Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable success across diverse domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Empirical defense mechanisms often fail, as new attacks constantly emerge, rendering existing defenses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Anupriya Kumari , Devansh Bhardwaj , Sukrit Jindal

Transparency and explainability in image classification are essential for establishing trust in machine learning models and detecting biases and errors. State-of-the-art explainability methods generate saliency maps to show where a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Matteo Bianchi , Antonio De Santis , Andrea Tocchetti , Marco Brambilla

Post-hoc interpretability methods play a critical role in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), as they pinpoint portions of data that a trained deep learning model deemed important to make a decision. However, different post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiawen Wei , Hugues Turbé , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Randomized smoothing is the primary certified robustness method for accessing the robustness of deep learning models to adversarial perturbations in the l2-norm, by adding isotropic Gaussian noise to the input image and returning the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Chengyan Fu , Wenjie Wang

Randomized classifiers have been shown to provide a promising approach for achieving certified robustness against adversarial attacks in deep learning. However, most existing methods only leverage Gaussian smoothing noise and only work for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Dinghuai Zhang , Mao Ye , Chengyue Gong , Zhanxing Zhu , Qiang Liu

This work addresses the certification of the local robustness of vision-based two-stage 6D object pose estimation. The two-stage method for object pose estimation achieves superior accuracy by first employing deep neural network-driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xusheng Luo , Tianhao Wei , Simin Liu , Ziwei Wang , Luis Mattei-Mendez , Taylor Loper , Joshua Neighbor , Casidhe Hutchison , Changliu Liu

Feature attribution methods explain black-box machine learning (ML) models by assigning importance scores to input features. These methods can be computationally expensive for large ML models. To address this challenge, there has been…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Lucas Monteiro Paes , Dennis Wei , Flavio P. Calmon

Randomized smoothing is a technique for providing provable robustness guarantees against adversarial attacks while making minimal assumptions about a classifier. This method relies on taking a majority vote of any base classifier over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Ambar Pal , Jeremias Sulam

We consider the problem of certified robustness for sequence classification against edit distance perturbations. Naturally occurring inputs of varying lengths (e.g., sentences in natural language processing tasks) present a challenge to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zhuoqun Huang , Neil G. Marchant , Olga Ohrimenko , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Applying traditional post-hoc attribution methods to segmentation or object detection predictors offers only limited insights, as the obtained feature attribution maps at input level typically resemble the models' predicted segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Maximilian Dreyer , Reduan Achtibat , Thomas Wiegand , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin