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Disentanglement is the task of learning representations that identify and separate factors that explain the variation observed in data. Disentangled representations are useful to increase the generalizability, explainability, and fairness…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-09 Michael Kuhlmann , Adrian Meise , Fritz Seebauer , Petra Wagner , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

Recently, neural networks have proven to be effective in performing speech coding task at low bitrates. However, under-utilization of intra-frame correlations and the error of quantizer specifically degrade the reconstructed audio quality.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Linping Xu , Jiawei Jiang , Dejun Zhang , Xianjun Xia , Li Chen , Yijian Xiao , Piao Ding , Shenyi Song , Sixing Yin , Ferdous Sohel

Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing through self-supervised pretraining on massive datasets. Inspired by this success, researchers have explored adapting these methods to speech by discretizing continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Luca Della Libera , Francesco Paissan , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Visual tokenizers are fundamental to image generation. They convert visual data into discrete tokens, enabling transformer-based models to excel at image generation. Despite their success, VQ-based tokenizers like VQGAN face significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zechen Bai , Jianxiong Gao , Ziteng Gao , Pichao Wang , Zheng Zhang , Tong He , Mike Zheng Shou

We propose Universal Speech Content Factorization (USCF), a simple and invertible linear method for extracting a low-rank speech representation in which speaker timbre is suppressed while phonetic content is preserved. USCF extends Speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Henry Li Xinyuan , Zexin Cai , Lin Zhang , Leibny Paola García-Perera , Berrak Sisman , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Nicholas Andrews , Matthew Wiesner

Audio codecs are a critical component of modern speech generation systems. This paper introduces a low-bitrate, multi-scale residual codec that encodes speech into four distinct streams: semantic, timbre, prosody, and residual. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Jingyu Li , Guangyan Zhang , Zhen Ye , Yiwen Guo

Automated audio captioning (AAC) aims to describe the content of an audio clip using simple sentences. Existing AAC methods are developed based on an encoder-decoder architecture that success is attributed to the use of a pre-trained CNN10…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Jianyuan Sun , Xubo Liu , Xinhao Mei , Mark D. Plumbley , Volkan Kilic , Wenwu Wang

The multi-codebook speech codec enables the application of large language models (LLM) in TTS but bottlenecks efficiency and robustness due to multi-sequence prediction. To avoid this obstacle, we propose Single-Codec, a single-codebook…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Hanzhao Li , Liumeng Xue , Haohan Guo , Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Lei Xie , Yunlin Chen , Hao Yin , Zhifei Li

Audio denoising is critical in signal processing, enhancing intelligibility and fidelity for applications like restoring musical recordings. This paper presents a proof-of-concept for adapting a state-of-the-art neural audio codec, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Daniel Jimon , Mircea Vaida , Adriana Stan

Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) are widely adopted in modern speech systems, yet how they encode linguistic and paralinguistic information remains unclear. Improving the interpretability of NAC representations is critical for understanding and…

Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) have become increasingly adopted in speech processing tasks due to their excellent rate-distortion performance and compatibility with Large Language Models (LLMs) as discrete feature representations for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Harry Julian , Rachel Beeson , Lohith Konathala , Johanna Ulin , Jiameng Gao

The Low-Resource Audio Codec (LRAC) Challenge aims to advance neural audio coding for deployment in resource-constrained environments. The first edition focuses on low-resource neural speech codecs that must operate reliably under everyday…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yusuf Ziya Isik , Rafał Łaganowski

Disentangled representation learning aims to represent the underlying generative factors of a dataset in a latent representation independently of one another. In our work, we propose a discrete variational autoencoder (VAE) based model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Gulcin Baykal , Melih Kandemir , Gozde Unal

Speech information can be roughly decomposed into four components: language content, timbre, pitch, and rhythm. Obtaining disentangled representations of these components is useful in many speech analysis and generation applications.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-16 Kaizhi Qian , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang , David Cox , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson

Most existing audio-text retrieval (ATR) approaches typically rely on a single-level interaction to associate audio and text, limiting their ability to align different modalities and leading to suboptimal matches. In this work, we present a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yifei Xin , Zhihong Zhu , Xuxin Cheng , Xusheng Yang , Yuexian Zou

Voice conversion (VC) modifies voice characteristics while preserving linguistic content. This paper presents the Stepback network, a novel model for converting speaker identity using non-parallel data. Unlike traditional VC methods that…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Qian Yang , Calbert Graham

Existing speech tokenizers typically assign a fixed number of tokens per second, regardless of the varying information density or temporal fluctuations in the speech signal. This uniform token allocation mismatches the intrinsic structure…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Wenrui Liu , Hui-Peng Du , Qinglin Zhang , Chong Deng , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Recent advancements in audio language models have underscored the pivotal role of audio tokenization, which converts audio signals into discrete tokens, thereby facilitating the application of language model architectures to the audio…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced audio generation through discrete representation learning. However, most existing neural codecs focus on speech and emphasize reconstruction fidelity, overlooking unified low frame rate modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jingbin Hu , Haoyu Zhang , Dake Guo , Qirui Zhan , Wenhao Li , Huakang Chen , Guobin Ma , Hanke Xie , Chengyou Wang , Pengyuan Xie , Chuan Xie , Qiang Zhang , Lei Xie

Neural-symbolic computing aims at integrating robust neural learning and sound symbolic reasoning into a single framework, so as to leverage the complementary strengths of both of these, seemingly unrelated (maybe even contradictory) AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Xuan Wu , Xinhao Zhu , Yizheng Zhao , Xinyu Dai