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Detecting anomalous nodes in attributed networks, where each node is associated with both structural connections and descriptive attributes, is essential for identifying fraud, misinformation, and suspicious behavior in domains such as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Apu Chakraborty , Anshul Kumar , Gagan Raj Gupta

Graph Domain Adaptation (GDA) transfers knowledge from labeled source graphs to unlabeled target graphs, addressing the challenge of label scarcity. However, existing GDA methods typically assume that both source and target graphs exhibit…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruiyi Fang , Shuo Wang , Ruizhi Pu , Qiuhao Zeng , Hao Zheng , Ziyan Wang , Jiale Cai , Zhimin Mei , Song Tang , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

Homophily, the tendency of nodes from the same class to connect, is a fundamental property of real-world graphs, underpinning structural and semantic patterns in domains such as citation networks and social networks. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yan Jiang , Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang

We study the problem of semi-supervised learning on graphs, for which graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively explored. However, most existing GNNs inherently suffer from the limitations of over-smoothing, non-robustness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Wenzheng Feng , Jie Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Yu Han , Huanbo Luan , Qian Xu , Qiang Yang , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

A critical aspect of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is to enhance the node representations by aggregating node neighborhood information. However, when detecting anomalies, the representations of abnormal nodes are prone to be averaged by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Chunjing Xiao , Shikang Pang , Xovee Xu , Xuan Li , Goce Trajcevski , Fan Zhou

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a vital task since even a few anomalies can pose huge threats to benign users. Recent semi-supervised GAD methods, which can effectively leverage the available labels as prior knowledge, have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shuang Zhou , Xiao Huang , Ninghao Liu , Huachi Zhou , Fu-Lai Chung , Long-Kai Huang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a vital task since even a few anomalies can pose huge threats to benign users. Recent semi-supervised GAD methods, which can effectively leverage the available labels as prior knowledge, have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Shuang Zhou , Xiao Huang , Ninghao Liu , Fu-Lai Chung , Long-Kai Huang

Unsupervised GAD methods assume the lack of anomaly labels, i.e., whether a node is anomalous or not. One common observation we made from previous unsupervised methods is that they not only assume the absence of such anomaly labels, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Junghoon Kim , Yeonjun In , Kanghoon Yoon , Junmo Lee , Chanyoung Park

Graph-based anomaly detection has been widely used for detecting malicious activities in real-world applications. Existing attempts to address this problem have thus far focused on structural feature engineering or learning in the binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Bo Chen , Jing Zhang , Xiaokang Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Jian Song , Peng Zhang , Kaibo Xu , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph representation learning. However, they remain susceptible to biases that can arise not only from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Mahdi Tavassoli Kejani , Fadi Dornaika , Charlotte Laclau , Jean-Michel Loubes

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. Despite this, two primary challenges persist: heterogeneity and heterophily. Each of these two challenges can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kangkang Lu , Yanhua Yu , Zhiyong Huang , Yunshan Ma , Xiao Wang , Meiyu Liang , Yuling Wang , Yimeng Ren , Tat-Seng Chua

Anomaly detection on dynamic graphs refers to detecting entities whose behaviors obviously deviate from the norms observed within graphs and their temporal information. This field has drawn increasing attention due to its application in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Shiqi Lou , Qingyue Zhang , Shujie Yang , Yuyang Tian , Zhaoxuan Tan , Minnan Luo

Node classification on graphs is a significant task with a wide range of applications, including social analysis and anomaly detection. Even though graph neural networks (GNNs) have produced promising results on this task, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jingyang Yuan , Xiao Luo , Yifang Qin , Yusheng Zhao , Wei Ju , Ming Zhang

Spectral Graph Neural Networks effectively handle graphs with different homophily levels, with low-pass filter mining feature smoothness and high-pass filter capturing differences. When these distinct filters could naturally form two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ziyun Zou , Yinghui Jiang , Lian Shen , Juan Liu , Xiangrong Liu

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has highlighted a relationship between high homophily (i.e., the tendency of nodes of the same class to connect) and strong predictive performance in node classification. However, recent work has found…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Donald Loveland , Jiong Zhu , Mark Heimann , Benjamin Fish , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) is crucial for identifying abnormal entities within networks, garnering significant attention across various fields. Traditional unsupervised methods, which decode encoded latent representations of unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinghan Li , Yuan Gao , Jinda Lu , Junfeng Fang , Congcong Wen , Hui Lin , Xiang Wang

Heterogeneous graphs with heterophily have emerged as a powerful abstraction for modeling complex real-world systems, where nodes of different types and labels interact in diverse and often non-homophilous ways. Despite recent advances,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yihan Zhang , Ercan E. Kuruoglu

This paper studies the problem of detecting anomalous graphs using a machine learning model trained on only normal graphs, which has many applications in molecule, biology, and social network data analysis. We present a self-discriminative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jinyu Cai , Yunhe Zhang , Jicong Fan

Real-world graphs generally have only one kind of tendency in their connections. These connections are either homophily-prone or heterophily-prone. While graphs with homophily-prone edges tend to connect nodes with the same class (i.e.,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yizhen Zheng , He Zhang , Vincent CS Lee , Yu Zheng , Xiao Wang , Shirui Pan

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to identify unusual graph instances (nodes, edges, subgraphs, or graphs), has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its significance in a wide range of applications. Deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hezhe Qiao , Hanghang Tong , Bo An , Irwin King , Charu Aggarwal , Guansong Pang