Related papers: The Economic Value of Depth

High-resolution daytime satellite imagery has become a promising source to study economic activities. These images display detailed terrain over large areas and allow zooming into smaller neighborhoods. Existing methods, however, have…

Depth notions in regression have been systematically proposed and examined in Zuo (2018). One of the prominent advantages of notion of depth is that it can be directly utilized to introduce median-type deepest estimating functionals (or…

In 1975 John Tukey proposed a multivariate median which is the 'deepest' point in a given data cloud in R^d. Later, in measuring the depth of an arbitrary point z with respect to the data, David Donoho and Miriam Gasko considered…

This paper studies the evolution of economic activities using a continuous time-space aggregation-diffusion model, which encompasses competing effects of agglomeration and congestion. To bring the model to the real data, a novel…

The quest for a theory of cities that could offer a quantitative and systematic approach to manage cities is at the top priority, given the challenges humanity faces due to the increasing urbanization and densification of cities. If such a…

A longstanding puzzle in urban science is whether there's an intrinsic match between human populations and the mass of their built environments. Previous findings have revealed various urban properties scaling nonlinearly with population,…

We aim to contribute to the literature on product space and diversification by proposing a number of extensions of the current literature: (1) we propose that the alternative but related idea of a country space also has empirical and…

Functional depth is used for ranking functional observations from most outlying to most typical. The ranks produced by functional depth have been proposed as the basis for functional classifiers, rank tests, and data visualization…

The magnitude of a metric space is a novel invariant that provides a measure of the 'effective size' of a space across multiple scales, while also capturing numerous geometrical properties, such as curvature, density, or entropy. We develop…

With the emergence of deep learning, metric learning has gained significant popularity in numerous machine learning tasks dealing with complex and large-scale datasets, such as information retrieval, object recognition and recommendation…

The city reading proposed is a modern postmodern urbanism approach which quantifies but by passing through subjectivism. The isobenefit lines shown translate cities into benefit landscapes, subjective and continually changeable according to…

Estimating the capabilities, or inputs of production, that drive and constrain the economic development of urban areas has remained a challenging goal. We posit that capabilities are instantiated in the complexity and sophistication of…

We show how a metric space induces a linear functional (a "mean") on real-valued functions with domains in that metric space. This immediately induces a "relative" measure on a collection of subsets of the underlying set.

Cities create potential for individuals from different backgrounds to interact with one another. It is often the case, however, that urban infrastructure obfuscates this potential, creating dense pockets of affluence and poverty throughout…

The intrinsic dimensionality refers to the ``true'' dimensionality of the data, as opposed to the dimensionality of the data representation. For example, when attributes are highly correlated, the intrinsic dimensionality can be much lower…

Data depths are score functions that quantify in an unsupervised fashion how central is a point inside a distribution, with numerous applications such as anomaly detection, multivariate or functional data analysis, arising across various…

Deep metric learning aims to construct an embedding space where samples of the same class are close to each other, while samples of different classes are far away from each other. Most existing deep metric learning methods attempt to…

Many economic activities are embedded in networks: sets of agents and the (often) rivalrous relationships connecting them to one another. Input sourcing by firms, interbank lending, scientific research, and job search are four examples,…

This work proposes a new method for place recognition based on the scene architecture. From depth video, we compute the 3D model and we derive and describe geometrically the 2D map from which the scene descriptor is deduced to constitute…

Deep Learning performs well when training data densely covers the experience space. For complex problems this makes data collection prohibitively expensive. We propose to intelligently select samples when constructing data sets in order to…