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Evaluating answers from state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) is challenging: lexical metrics miss semantic nuances, whereas "LLM-as-Judge" scoring is computationally expensive. We re-evaluate a lightweight alternative --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sai Shridhar Balamurali , Lu Cheng

In this article, we explore the shallow heuristics used by transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) that are fine-tuned for natural language inference (NLI). To do so, we construct or own dataset based on syllogistic, and we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Reto Gubelmann , Siegfried Handschuh

Natural Language Inference (NLI) tasks involving temporal inference remain challenging for pre-trained language models (LMs). Although various datasets have been created for this task, they primarily focus on English and do not address the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Tomoki Sugimoto , Yasumasa Onoe , Hitomi Yanaka

Cross-lingual transfer in natural language processing (NLP) models enhances multilingual performance by leveraging shared linguistic knowledge. However, traditional methods that process all data simultaneously often fail to mimic real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Maria Khelli , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Ayu Purwarianti , Genta Indra Winata

Most of the successful and predominant methods for bilingual lexicon induction (BLI) are mapping-based, where a linear mapping function is learned with the assumption that the word embedding spaces of different languages exhibit similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tasnim Mohiuddin , M Saiful Bari , Shafiq Joty

Accurately estimating semantic aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties in large language models (LLMs) is particularly challenging in free-form question answering (QA), where obtaining stable estimates often requires many expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Ji Won Park , Kyunghyun Cho

Natural language inference (NLI) is among the most challenging tasks in natural language understanding. Recent work on unsupervised pretraining that leverages unsupervised signals such as language-model and sentence prediction objectives…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Tianda Li , Xiaodan Zhu , Quan Liu , Qian Chen , Zhigang Chen , Si Wei

Bilingual Lexicon Induction (BLI) is a core task in multilingual NLP that still, to a large extent, relies on calculating cross-lingual word representations. Inspired by the global paradigm shift in NLP towards Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yaoyiran Li , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

We analyze two Natural Language Inference data sets with respect to their linguistic features. The goal is to identify those syntactic and semantic properties that are particularly hard to comprehend for a machine learning model. To this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Maren Pielka , Felix Rode , Lisa Pucknat , Tobias Deußer , Rafet Sifa

The release of large natural language inference (NLI) datasets like SNLI and MNLI have led to rapid development and improvement of completely neural systems for the task. Most recently, heavily pre-trained, Transformer-based models like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Tiffany Chien , Jugal Kalita

Several recent studies have shown that strong natural language understanding (NLU) models are prone to relying on unwanted dataset biases without learning the underlying task, resulting in models that fail to generalize to out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Yonatan Belinkov , James Henderson

Natural Language Inference (NLI) has been an important task for evaluating language models for Natural Language Understanding, but the logical properties of the task are poorly understood and often mischaracterized. Understanding the notion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Rasmus Blanck , Bill Noble , Stergios Chatzikyriakidis

The rapid growth in natural language processing (NLP) research has led to numerous new models, outpacing our understanding of how they compare to established ones. One major reason for this difficulty is saturating benchmarks, which may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ruchit Rawal , Mariya Toneva

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Neural Linear Models (NLM) are deep Bayesian models that produce predictive uncertainty by learning features from the data and then performing Bayesian linear regression over these features. Despite their popularity, few works have focused…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-25 Cooper Lorsung

We introduce a novel approach to incorporate syntax into natural language inference (NLI) models. Our method uses contextual token-level vector representations from a pretrained dependency parser. Like other contextual embedders, our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Deric Pang , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

Large multilingual language models such as mBERT or XLM-R enable zero-shot cross-lingual transfer in various IR and NLP tasks. Cao et al. (2020) proposed a data- and compute-efficient method for cross-lingual adjustment of mBERT that uses a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Pavel Efimov , Leonid Boytsov , Elena Arslanova , Pavel Braslavski

The performance of NLP methods for severely under-resourced languages cannot currently hope to match the state of the art in NLP methods for well resourced languages. We explore the extent to which pretrained large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Michela Lorandi , Anya Belz

State-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models are trained on massive training corpora, and report a superlative performance on evaluation datasets. This survey delves into an important attribute of these datasets: the dialect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aditya Joshi , Raj Dabre , Diptesh Kanojia , Zhuang Li , Haolan Zhan , Gholamreza Haffari , Doris Dippold

We consider the task of incorporating real-world commonsense knowledge into deep Natural Language Inference (NLI) models. Existing external knowledge incorporation methods are limited to lexical level knowledge and lack generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Amit Gajbhiye , Thomas Winterbottom , Noura Al Moubayed , Steven Bradley