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Machine learning (ML) models are widely used in many important domains. For efficiently processing these computational- and memory-intensive applications, tensors of these over-parameterized models are compressed by leveraging sparsity,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Shail Dave , Riyadh Baghdadi , Tony Nowatzki , Sasikanth Avancha , Aviral Shrivastava , Baoxin Li

The Transformer has been an indispensable staple in deep learning. However, for real-life applications, it is very challenging to deploy efficient Transformers due to immense parameters and operations of models. To relieve this burden,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chao Fang , Aojun Zhou , Zhongfeng Wang

Linear-scaling electronic-structure techniques, also called O(N) techniques, rely heavily on the multiplication of sparse matrices, where the sparsity arises from spatial cut-offs. In order to treat very large systems, the calculations must…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-10-31 D. R. Bowler , T. Miyazaki , M. J. Gillan

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is an important kernel in scientific and engineering applications. The previous optimizations are sparse matrix format specific and expose the choice of the best format to application programmers.…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Jiajia Li , Xiuxia Zhang , Guangming Tan , Mingyu Chen

Inference of standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on FPGAs often incurs high latency and a long initiation interval due to the deep nested loops required to densely convolve every input pixel regardless of its feature value.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ho Fung Tsoi , Dylan Rankin , Vladimir Loncar , Philip Harris

Reducing the memory footprint of neural networks is a crucial prerequisite for deploying them in small and low-cost embedded devices. Network parameters can often be reduced significantly through pruning. We discuss how to best represent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Elias Trommer , Bernd Waschneck , Akash Kumar

Sparse Matrix-Vector multiplication (SpMV) is an essential computational kernel in many application scenarios. Tens of sparse matrix formats and implementations have been proposed to compress the memory storage and speed up SpMV…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Zhen Du , Jiajia Li , Yinshan Wang , Xueqi Li , Guangming Tan , Ninghui Sun

Distributed Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpMM) is a fundamental operation in high-performance computing and deep learning applications. The major performance bottleneck in distributed SpMM lies in substantial communication overhead,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chen Zhuang , Lingqi Zhang , Benjamin Brock , Du Wu , Peng Chen , Toshio Endo , Satoshi Matsuoka , Mohamed Wahib

We propose a sparse algebra for samplet compressed kernel matrices, to enable efficient scattered data analysis. We show the compression of kernel matrices by means of samplets produces optimally sparse matrices in a certain S-format. It…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-05 H. Harbrecht , M. Multerer , O. Schenk , Ch. Schwab

This paper presents a low-overhead optimizer for the ubiquitous sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) kernel. Architectural diversity among different processors together with structural diversity among different sparse matrices lead to…

Performance · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Athena Elafrou , Georgios Goumas , Nektarios Koziris

Sparsity is a growing trend in modern DNN models. Existing Sparse-Sparse Matrix Multiplication (SpMSpM) accelerators are tailored to a particular SpMSpM dataflow (i.e., Inner Product, Outer Product or Gustavsons), that determines their…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Francisco Muñoz-Martínez , Raveesh Garg , José L. Abellán , Michael Pellauer , Manuel E. Acacio , Tushar Krishna

This paper describes REAP, a software-hardware approach that enables high performance sparse linear algebra computations on a cooperative CPU-FPGA platform. REAP carefully separates the task of organizing the matrix elements from the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Mohammadreza Soltaniyeh , Richard P. Martin , Santosh Nagarakatte

In recent years, Transformer-based language models have become the standard approach for natural language processing tasks. However, stringent throughput and latency requirements in industrial applications are limiting their adoption. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Haihao Shen , Hengyu Meng , Bo Dong , Zhe Wang , Ofir Zafrir , Yi Ding , Yu Luo , Hanwen Chang , Qun Gao , Ziheng Wang , Guy Boudoukh , Moshe Wasserblat

Iterative solutions of sparse linear systems and sparse eigenvalue problems have a fundamental role in vital fields of scientific research and engineering. The crucial computing kernel for such iterative solutions is the multiplication of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Thaha Mohammed , Rashid Mehmood

Sparse fusion is a compile-time loop transformation and runtime scheduling implemented as a domain-specific code generator. Sparse fusion generates efficient parallel code for the combination of two sparse matrix kernels where at least one…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Kazem Cheshmi , Michelle Mills Strout , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi

Structured sparsity has been proposed as an efficient way to prune the complexity of Machine Learning (ML) applications and to simplify the handling of sparse data in hardware. Accelerating ML models, whether for training, or inference,…

Sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a computational primitive that is widely used in areas ranging from traditional numerical applications to recent big data analysis and machine learning. Although many SpGEMM algorithms have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Yusuke Nagasaka , Satoshi Matsuoka , Ariful Azad , Aydın Buluç

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a crucial computing kernel with widespread applications in iterative algorithms. Over the past decades, research on SpMV optimization has made remarkable strides, giving rise to various…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jianhua Gao , Bingjie Liu , Weixing Ji , Hua Huang

We present a novel architecture for sparse pattern processing, using flash storage with embedded accelerators. Sparse pattern processing on large data sets is the essence of applications such as document search, natural language processing,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-01-25 Sang-Woo Jun , Huy T. Nguyen , Vijay N. Gadepally , Arvind

General Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM) has attracted much attention from researchers in graph analyzing, scientific computing, and deep learning. Many optimization techniques have been developed for different applications and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Jianhua Gao , Weixing Ji , Fangli Chang , Shiyu Han , Bingxin Wei , Zeming Liu , Yizhuo Wang