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We propose a probabilistic framework for developing computational models of biological neural systems. In this framework, physiological recordings are viewed as discrete-time partial observations of an underlying continuous-time stochastic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Ahmed ElGazzar , Marcel van Gerven

Denoising diffusion models are a class of generative models which have recently achieved state-of-the-art results across many domains. Gradual noise is added to the data using a diffusion process, which transforms the data distribution into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Francisco Vargas , Teodora Reu , Anna Kerekes , Michael M Bronstein

Deep generative models are key-enabling technology to computer vision, text generation, and large language models. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have recently gained much attention due to their ability to generate diverse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Bingzhi Zhang , Peng Xu , Xiaohui Chen , Quntao Zhuang

Scenario-based probabilistic forecasts have become vital for decision-makers in handling intermittent renewable energies. This paper presents a recent promising deep learning generative approach called denoising diffusion probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Esteban Hernandez Capel , Jonathan Dumas

We develop a physics-based model for classical computation based on autonomous quantum thermal machines. These machines consist of few interacting quantum bits (qubits) connected to several environments at different temperatures. Heat flows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Patryk Lipka-Bartosik , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Nicolas Brunner

In this paper, we introduce a denoising diffusion algorithm to discover microstructures with nonlinear fine-tuned properties. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models are generative models that use diffusion-based dynamics to gradually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Nikolaos N. Vlassis , WaiChing Sun

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Score-based models generate samples by mapping noise to data (and vice versa) via a high-dimensional diffusion process. We question whether it is necessary to run this entire process at high dimensionality and incur all the inconveniences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Bowen Jing , Gabriele Corso , Renato Berlinghieri , Tommi Jaakkola

Generative diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of models in machine learning, yet a unified theoretical understanding of their operation is still developing. This paper provides an integrated perspective on generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-27 Dejan Stancevic , Luca Ambrogioni

Generative design has been growing across the design community as a viable method for design space exploration. Thermal design is more complex than mechanical or aerodynamic design because of the additional convection-diffusion equation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hadi Keramati , Feridun Hamdullahpur

Programmable structures are systems whose undeformed geometries and material property distributions are deliberately designed to achieve prescribed deformed configurations under specific loading conditions. Inflatable structures are a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Sara Karimi , Nikolaos N. Vlassis

This study presents a generative optimization framework based on a guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) that leverages surrogate gradients to generate heat sink designs minimizing pressure drop while maintaining surface…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Hadi Keramati , Morteza Sadeghi , Rajeev K. Jaiman

Today's denoising diffusion models do not "denoise" in the classical sense, i.e., they do not directly predict clean images. Rather, the neural networks predict noise or a noised quantity. In this paper, we suggest that predicting clean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Tianhong Li , Kaiming He

Deep generative models, particularly denoising diffusion models, have achieved remarkable success in high-fidelity generation of architected microstructures with desired properties and styles. Nevertheless, these recent methods typically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weipeng Xu , Ziyuan Xie , Haoju Lin , Xinyu Wang , Guangjin Mou , Tianju Xue

We present Turbo-Sim, a generalised autoencoder framework derived from principles of information theory that can be used as a generative model. By maximising the mutual information between the input and the output of both the encoder and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Guillaume Quétant , Mariia Drozdova , Vitaliy Kinakh , Tobias Golling , Slava Voloshynovskiy

Diffusion-based Deep Generative Models (DDGMs) offer state-of-the-art performance in generative modeling. Their main strength comes from their unique setup in which a model (the backward diffusion process) is trained to reverse the forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Kamil Deja , Anna Kuzina , Tomasz Trzciński , Jakub M. Tomczak

This paper introduces a geometric method for proving ergodicity of degenerate noise driven stochastic processes. The driving noise is assumed to be an arbitrary Levy process with non-degenerate diffusion component (but that may be applied…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-04-10 Nawaf Bou-Rabee , Houman Owhadi

We present a concise, self-contained derivation of diffusion-based generative models. Starting from basic properties of Gaussian distributions (densities, quadratic expectations, re-parameterisation, products, and KL divergences), we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sepehr Maleki , Negar Pourmoazemi

Diffusion models typically generate data through a fixed denoising trajectory that is shared across all samples. However, generation targets can differ in complexity, suggesting that a single pre-defined diffusion process may not be optimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yucheng Xing , Xiaodong Liu , Xin Wang

Denoising diffusion models are a popular class of generative models providing state-of-the-art results in many domains. One adds gradually noise to data using a diffusion to transform the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francisco Vargas , Will Grathwohl , Arnaud Doucet