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Conversational agents are usually designed for closed-world environments. Unfortunately, users can behave unexpectedly. Based on the open-world environment, we often encounter the situation that the training and test data are sampled from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Petr Lorenc , Tommaso Gargiani , Jan Pichl , Jakub Konrád , Petr Marek , Ondřej Kobza , Jan Šedivý

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning systems. In recent years, it has received increasing attention, particularly through post-hoc detection and training-based methods.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-04 Mouïn Ben Ammar , David Brellmann , Arturo Mendoza , Antoine Manzanera , Gianni Franchi

Despite the remarkable results that can be achieved by data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis techniques, they presuppose the same distribution of training and test data as well as sufficient labeled data. Various operating states often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Zixuan Wang , Haoran Tang , Haibo Wang , Bo Qin , Mark D. Butala , Weiming Shen , Hongwei Wang

Comparing datasets is a fundamental task in machine learning, essential for various learning paradigms-from evaluating train and test datasets for model generalization to using dataset similarity for detecting data drift. While traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Paula Rodriguez-Diaz , Lingkai Kong , Kai Wang , David Alvarez-Melis , Milind Tambe

The ability to detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) data is important in safety-critical applications of deep learning. The aim is to separate In-Distribution (ID) data drawn from the training distribution from OOD data using a measure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

In theory, the success of unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) largely relies on domain gap estimation. However, for source free UDA, the source domain data can not be accessed during adaptation, which poses great challenge of measuring the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Ziyang Zong , Jun He , Lei Zhang , Hai Huan

We consider unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for classification problems in the presence of missing data in the unlabelled target domain. More precisely, motivated by practical applications, we analyze situations where distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Matthieu Kirchmeyer , Patrick Gallinari , Alain Rakotomamonjy , Amin Mantrach

Active Domain Adaptation (ADA) aims to maximally boost model adaptation in a new target domain by actively selecting a limited number of target data to annotate.This setting neglects the more practical scenario where training data are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Hao Zhou , Jia-Wei Liu , Juncheng Li , Mengze Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect test samples outside the training category space, which is an essential component in building reliable machine learning systems. Existing reviews on OOD detection primarily focus on method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Shuo Lu , Yingsheng Wang , Lijun Sheng , Lingxiao He , Aihua Zheng , Jian Liang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Detecting Out-of-Domain (OOD) or unknown intents from user queries is essential in a task-oriented dialog system. Traditional softmax-based confidence scores are susceptible to the overconfidence issue. In this paper, we propose a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yanan Wu , Zhiyuan Zeng , Keqing He , Yutao Mou , Pei Wang , Yuanmeng Yan , Weiran Xu

Machine learning models are prone to making incorrect predictions on inputs that are far from the training distribution. This hinders their deployment in safety-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles and healthcare. The detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ramneet Kaur , Kaustubh Sridhar , Sangdon Park , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Numerous machine learning (ML) models have been developed, including those for software engineering (SE) tasks, under the assumption that training and testing data come from the same distribution. However, training and testing distributions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yanfu Yan , Viet Duong , Huajie Shao , Denys Poshyvanyk

To facilitate reliable deployments of autonomous robots in the real world, Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection capabilities are often required. A powerful approach for OOD detection is based on density estimation with Normalizing Flows…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jianxiang Feng , Jongseok Lee , Simon Geisler , Stephan Gunnemann , Rudolph Triebel

Deep learning has achieved tremendous success with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data. However, the performance of neural networks often degenerates drastically when encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) data, i.e., when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Nanyang Ye , Kaican Li , Haoyue Bai , Runpeng Yu , Lanqing Hong , Fengwei Zhou , Zhenguo Li , Jun Zhu

Unsupervised domain adaptation challenges the problem of transferring knowledge from a well-labelled source domain to an unlabelled target domain. Recently,adversarial learning with bi-classifier has been proven effective in pushing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Shuang Li , Fangrui Lv , Binhui Xie , Chi Harold Liu , Jian Liang , Chen Qin

Progress in machine learning is typically measured by training and testing a model on the same distribution of data, i.e., the same domain. This over-estimates future accuracy on out-of-distribution data. The Visual Domain Adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Dina Bashkirova , Dan Hendrycks , Donghyun Kim , Samarth Mishra , Kate Saenko , Kuniaki Saito , Piotr Teterwak , Ben Usman

Existing object detectors often struggle to generalize across domains while adapting to emerging novel categories. Adaptive open-set object detection (AOOD) addresses this challenge by training on base categories in the source domain and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuqi Ji , Junjie Ke , Lihuo He , Lizhi Wang , Xinbo Gao