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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

In this paper, we propose to tackle the problem of reducing discrepancies between multiple domains referred to as multi-source domain adaptation and consider it under the target shift assumption: in all domains we aim to solve a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-15 Ievgen Redko , Nicolas Courty , Rémi Flamary , Devis Tuia

Deep neural networks suffer from the overconfidence issue in the open world, meaning that classifiers could yield confident, incorrect predictions for out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Thus, it is an urgent and challenging task to detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Qiuyu Zhu , Guohui Zheng , Yingying Yan

Gradient-based learning algorithms have an implicit simplicity bias which in effect can limit the diversity of predictors being sampled by the learning procedure. This behavior can hinder the transferability of trained models by (i)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) plays a crucial role in addressing distribution shifts in machine learning. In this work, we improve the theoretical foundations of UDA proposed in Acuna et al. (2021) by refining their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-29 Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao

Distributed deep learning (DDL) is a promising research area, which aims to increase the efficiency of training deep learning tasks with large size of datasets and models. As the computation capability of DDL nodes continues to increase,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Zixuan Chen , Lei Shi , Xuandong Liu , Jiahui Li , Sen Liu , Yang Xu

Domain Adaptation (DA), the process of effectively adapting task models learned on one domain, the source, to other related but distinct domains, the targets, with no or minimal retraining, is typically accomplished using the process of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Behnam Gholami , Pritish Sahu , Minyoung Kim , Vladimir Pavlovic

Among existing uncertainty estimation approaches, Dirichlet Prior Network (DPN) distinctly models different predictive uncertainty types. However, for in-domain examples with high data uncertainties among multiple classes, even a DPN model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Jay Nandy , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Deep neural networks are known to be overconfident when applied to out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which clearly do not belong to any class. This is a problem in safety-critical applications since a reliable assessment of the uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Matthias Hein

Detecting concept drift in high-speed data streams remains challenging, particularly when models must operate on unlabeled data and avoid false alarms caused by benign shifts. While disagreement-based uncertainty has shown promise in neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Lara Sá Neves , Afonso Lourenço , Lizy K. John , Goreti Marreiros

Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dongdong Zhao , Ranxin Fang , Changtian Song , Zhihui Liu , Jianwen Xiang

Deploying machine learning in open environments presents the challenge of encountering diverse test inputs that differ significantly from the training data. These out-of-distribution samples may exhibit shifts in local or global features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jiawei Li , Sitong Li , Shanshan Wang , Yicheng Zeng , Falong Tan , Chuanlong Xie

Despite machine learning models' success in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, predictions from these models frequently fail on out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Prior works have focused on developing state-of-the-art methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Dyah Adila , Dongyeop Kang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation is challenging because it involves not only learning from empirical data, but also deciding among various notions of generalisation, e.g., optimising the average-case risk, worst-case risk, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Anurag Singh , Siu Lun Chau , Shahine Bouabid , Krikamol Muandet

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples plays a key role in open-world and safety-critical applications such as autonomous systems and healthcare. Recently, self-supervised representation learning techniques (via contrastive learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Sina Mohseni , Arash Vahdat , Jay Yadawa

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

In satellite image analysis, distributional mismatch between the training and test data may arise due to several reasons, including unseen classes in the test data and differences in the geographic area. Deep learning based models may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Jakob Gawlikowski , Sudipan Saha , Anna Kruspe , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Domain generalization (DG) is proposed to deal with the issue of domain shift, which occurs when statistical differences exist between source and target domains. However, most current methods do not account for a common realistic scenario…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiran Wang , Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi

Learning with noisy labels (LNL) is typically benchmarked by closed-set classification accuracy, yet deployment often requires classifiers to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. We present a learner-agnostic ACC-OOD benchmark that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ningkang Peng , Jingyang Mao , Runhan Zhou , Peirong Ma , Yanhui Gu