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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, yet their direct application to NP-hard combinatorial problems (CPs) remains underexplored. In this work, we systematically investigate the reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Henrik Abgaryan , Tristan Cazenave , Ararat Harutyunyan

Recent advances in block diffusion language models have demonstrated competitive performance and strong scalability on reasoning tasks. However, existing BDLMs have limited exploration under the test-time scaling setting and face more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yi Lu , Deyang Kong , Jianing Wang , Linsen Guo , Xue Wang , Qi Guo , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Wei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in general coding tasks but encounter two key challenges when optimizing code: (i) the complexity of writing optimized code (such as performant CUDA kernels and competition-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiefu Ou , Sapana Chaudhary , Kaj Bostrom , Nathaniel Weir , Shuai Zhang , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis

Boosting methods combine a set of moderately accurate weaklearners to form a highly accurate predictor. Despite the practical importance of multi-class boosting, it has received far less attention than its binary counterpart. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-18 Chunhua Shen , Sakrapee Paisitkriangkrai , Anton van den Hengel

In-context learning enables language models (LM) to adapt to downstream data or tasks by incorporating few samples as demonstrations within the prompts. It offers strong performance without the expense of fine-tuning. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

We introduce a pioneering methodology for boosting large language models in the domain of protein representation learning. Our primary contribution lies in the refinement process for correlating the over-reliance on co-evolution knowledge,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yaoyao Xu , Xinjian Zhao , Xiaozhuang Song , Benyou Wang , Tianshu Yu

Large language models deliver strong generative performance but at the cost of massive parameter counts, memory use, and decoding latency. Prior work has shown that pruning and structured sparsity can preserve accuracy under substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrew Kiruluta

Constrained decoding approaches aim to control the meaning or style of text generated by the pre-trained large language models (LLMs or also PLMs) for various tasks at inference time. However, these methods often guide plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chen Xu , Tian Lan , Yu Ji , Changlong Yu , Wei Wang , Jun Gao , Qunxi Dong , Kun Qian , Piji Li , Wei Bi , Bin Hu

Recently, with the help of deep learning models, significant advances have been made in different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art models are vulnerable to noisy texts. We propose a new contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yifu Sun , Haoming Jiang

Controlled text generation allows for enforcing user-defined constraints on large language model outputs, an increasingly important field as LLMs become more prevalent in everyday life. One common approach uses energy-based decoding, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Patrick Pynadath , Ruqi Zhang

Communication overhead is one of the major performance bottlenecks in large-scale distributed computing systems, in particular for machine learning applications. Conventionally, compression techniques are used to reduce the load of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Songze Li , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , A. Salman Avestimehr

Large language models~(LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance in language tasks, yet their auto-regressive inference is limited due to high computational requirements and is sub-optimal due to the exposure bias. Inspired by speculative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Hongyi Yuan , Keming Lu , Fei Huang , Zheng Yuan , Chang Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with reliably generating highly structured outputs, such as program code, mathematical formulas, or well-formed markup. Constrained decoding approaches mitigate this problem by greedily restricting what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Kanghee Park , Jiayu Wang , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Nadia Polikarpova , Loris D'Antoni

Structured additive distributional copula regression allows to model the joint distribution of multivariate outcomes by relating all distribution parameters to covariates. Estimation via statistical boosting enables accounting for…

Large language models (LM) based on Transformers allow to generate plausible long texts. In this paper, we explore how this generation can be further controlled at decoding time to satisfy certain constraints (e.g. being non-toxic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Antoine Chaffin , Vincent Claveau , Ewa Kijak

Code large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable tools for building efficient and automated coding pipelines. Existing models are typically post-trained using reinforcement learning (RL) from general-purpose LLMs using "human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Sijie Wang , Quanjiang Guo , Kai Zhao , Yawei Zhang , Xin Li , Xiang Li , Siqi Li , Rui She , Shangshu Yu , Wee Peng Tay

Traditional image clustering methods take a two-step approach, feature learning and clustering, sequentially. However, recent research results demonstrated that combining the separated phases in a unified framework and training them jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Fengfu Li , Hong Qiao , Bo Zhang , Xuanyang Xi

In recent years, attention-based models have excelled across various domains but remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks, often from downloading or fine-tuning on poisoned datasets. Many current methods to mitigate backdoors in NLP models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yidong Ding , Jiafei Niu , Ping Yi

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently achieved significant success due to their any-order generation capabilities. However, existing inference methods typically rely on local, immediate-step metrics such as confidence or entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kecheng Chen , Ziru Liu , Xijia Tao , Hui Liu , Xinyu Fu , Suiyun Zhang , Dandan Tu , Lingpeng Kong , Rui Liu , Haoliang Li

Ensemble learning of LLMs has emerged as a promising alternative to enhance performance, but existing approaches typically treat models as black boxes, combining the inputs or final outputs while overlooking the rich internal…

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