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We present a unified convergence theory for gradient-based training of neural network methods for partial differential equations (PDEs), covering both physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and the Deep Ritz method. For linear PDEs, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Wei Zhao , Tao Luo

Parametric partial differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental for modeling a wide range of physical and engineering systems influenced by uncertain or varying parameters. Traditional neural network-based solvers, such as Physics-Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Qiuqi Li , Yiting Liu , Jin Zhao , Wencan Zhu

This paper is devoted to a weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for linear poroelasticity problems where weakly defined divergence and gradient operators over discontinuous functions are introduced. We establish both the continuous and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-10 Shanshan Gu , Shimin Chai , Chenguang Zhou

In this work, the authors introduce a generalized weak Galerkin (gWG) finite element method for the time-dependent Oseen equation. The generalized weak Galerkin method is based on a new framework for approximating the gradient operator.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-14 Wenya Qi , Padmanabhan Seshaiyer , Junping Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs), especially physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), have recently become a new popular method for solving forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is an important research means in the fields of physics, biology, and chemistry. As an approximate alternative to numerical methods, PINN has received extensive attention and played an important…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Longxiang Jiang , Liyuan Wang , Xinkun Chu , Yonghao Xiao , Hao Zhang

This paper aims to employ the weak Galerkin method to solve a class of nonlinear eigenvalue problems. We proved the weak Galerkin scheme produces lower bound for the energy. Moreover, by the post-processing technique, we obtain lower bound…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Wei Lu , Qilong Zhai

We introduce a novel neural operator architecture designed to approximate solutions of linear elliptic partial differential equations with high-contrast, spatially varying coefficients. The network, termed the Iterated V-shaped Net…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Shan Zhong , George Biros

We introduce a multitree-based adaptive wavelet Galerkin algorithm {for} space-time discretized linear parabolic partial differential equations, focusing on time-periodic problems. It is shown that the method converges with the best…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-01-23 Sebastian Kestler , Kristina Steih , Karsten Urban

We present a new approach to using neural networks to approximate the solutions of variational equations, based on the adaptive construction of a sequence of finite-dimensional subspaces whose basis functions are realizations of a sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Mark Ainsworth , Justin Dong

This paper presents a primal-dual weak Galerkin (PD-WG) finite element method for a class of second order elliptic equations of Fokker-Planck type. The method is based on a variational form where all the derivatives are applied to the test…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-04-20 Chunmei Wang , Junping Wang

We combine concepts from multilevel solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) with neural network based deep learning and propose a new methodology for the efficient numerical solution of high-dimensional parametric PDEs. An…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Cosmas Heiß , Ingo Gühring , Martin Eigel

Machine learning, especially physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their neural network variants, has been widely used to solve problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). The successful deployment of such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Genwei Ma , Ting Luo , Ping Yang , Xing Zhao

In this paper we propose a discontinuous Galerkin plane wave neural network (DGPWNN) method for approximately solving Helmholtz equation and Maxwell's equations. In this method, we define an elliptic-type variational problem as in the plane…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-12 Long Yuan , Menghui Wu , Qiya Hu

A systematic numerical study on weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for second order linear parabolic problems is presented by allowing polynomial approximations with various degrees for each local element. Convergence of both…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Bhupen Deka , Naresh Kumar

Three kinds of Fragile Points Methods based on Petrov-Galerkin weak-forms (PG-FPMs) are proposed for analyzing heat conduction problems in nonhomogeneous anisotropic media. This is a follow-up of the previous study on the original FPM based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-27 Yue Guan , Satya N. Atluri

In this paper, we introduce a tensor neural network based machine learning method for solving the elliptic partial differential equations with random coefficients in a bounded physical domain. With the help of tensor product structure, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Hongtao Chen , Rui Fu , Yifan Wang , Hehu Xie

Recent research has used deep learning to develop partial differential equation (PDE) models in science and engineering. The functional form of the PDE is determined by a neural network, and the neural network parameters are calibrated to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Justin Sirignano , Jonathan MacArt , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

We propose a general framework for the Discontinuous Galerkin-induced Neural Network (DGNN), inspired by the Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method (IPDGM). In this approach, the trial space consists of piecewise neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Guanyu Chen , Shengze Xu , Dong Ni , Tieyong Zeng

This paper presents a learnable solver tailored to iteratively solve sparse linear systems from discretized partial differential equations (PDEs). Unlike traditional approaches relying on specialized expertise, our solver streamlines the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-10 Yan Xie , Minrui Lv , Chensong Zhang