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The boundaries of existing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithms are confined to problems grounded in technical users' demand for explainability. This research paradigm disproportionately ignores the larger group of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Weina Jin , Jianyu Fan , Diane Gromala , Philippe Pasquier , Xiaoxiao Li , Ghassan Hamarneh

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed human-computer interactions, making it essential to establish robust design standards to ensure effective, ethical, and human-centered AI (HCAI) solutions.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Chaoyi Zhao , Wei Xu

Despite the proliferation of explainable AI (XAI) methods, little is understood about end-users' explainability needs and behaviors around XAI explanations. To address this gap and contribute to understanding how explainability can support…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Elizabeth Anne Watkins , Olga Russakovsky , Ruth Fong , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

In recent years, Explainable AI (xAI) attracted a lot of attention as various countries turned explanations into a legal right. xAI allows for improving models beyond the accuracy metric by, e.g., debugging the learned pattern and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Mohamed Karim Belaid , Eyke Hüllermeier , Maximilian Rabus , Ralf Krestel

As Generative AI systems increasingly engage in long-term, personal, and relational interactions, human-AI engagements are becoming significantly complex, making them more challenging to understand and govern. These Interactive AI systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yulu Pi , Cagatay Turkay , Daniel Bogiatzis-Gibbons

This paper proposed a comprehensive mixed-methods framework with varied samples of older adults, including user experience, usability assessments, and in-depth interviews with the integration of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xueting Huang , Zhibo Zhang , Fusen Guo , Xianghao Wang , Kun Chi , Kexin Wu

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) is reshaping software development, fundamentally altering how developers interact with their tools. This shift marks the emergence of Human-AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Agnia Sergeyuk , Ilya Zakharov , Ekaterina Koshchenko , Maliheh Izadi

The past decade has seen significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which has resulted in algorithms being adopted for resolving a variety of problems. However, this success has been met by increasing model complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Waddah Saeed , Christian Omlin

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a crucial role in fostering transparency and trust in AI systems, where traditional XAI approaches typically offer one level of abstraction for explanations, often in the form of heatmaps…

As AI systems become increasingly conversational, a gap emerges wherein explanations are studied as static artifacts, yet in practice, are experienced as dialogue. In this provocation, we argue that the conversational layer around an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Niharika Mathur , Smit Desai

Artificial intelligence is reshaping science and industry, yet many users still regard its models as opaque "black boxes". Conventional explainable artificial-intelligence methods clarify individual predictions but overlook the upstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 George Paterakis , Andrea Castellani , George Papoutsoglou , Tobias Rodemann , Ioannis Tsamardinos

The field of Explainable AI (XAI) offers a wide range of techniques for making complex models interpretable. Yet, in practice, generating meaningful explanations is a context-dependent task that requires intentional design choices to ensure…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ruchira Dhar , Stephanie Brandl , Ninell Oldenburg , Anders Søgaard

The lack of interpretability is a major barrier that limits the practical usage of AI models. Several eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques (e.g., SHAP, LIME) have been employed to interpret these models' performance. However, users often face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Saumendu Roy , Saikat Mondal , Banani Roy , Chanchal Roy

Explanations--a form of post-hoc interpretability--play an instrumental role in making systems accessible as AI continues to proliferate complex and sensitive sociotechnical systems. In this paper, we introduce Human-centered Explainable AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Upol Ehsan , Mark O. Riedl

Recently, post hoc explanation methods have emerged to enhance model transparency by attributing model outputs to input features. However, these methods face challenges due to their specificity to certain neural network architectures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Seongun Kim , Sol A Kim , Geonhyeong Kim , Enver Menadjiev , Chanwoo Lee , Seongwook Chung , Nari Kim , Jaesik Choi

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in daily life, designing intuitive, trustworthy, and emotionally resonant AI-human interfaces has emerged as a critical challenge. This editorial introduces a Special Issue that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Aparna Sundar , Tony Russell-Rose , Udo Kruschwitz , Karen Machleit

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to grow in size and complexity, so does the difficulty of the quest for AI transparency. In a world of large models and complex AI systems, why do we explain AI and what should we explain?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Karina Cortinas-Lorenzo , Gavin Doherty

While research on explainable AI (XAI) is booming and explanation techniques have proven promising in many application domains, standardised human-centred evaluation procedures are still missing. In addition, current evaluation procedures…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ivania Donoso-Guzmán , Jeroen Ooge , Denis Parra , Katrien Verbert

Scaling Visual Question Answering (VQA) to the open-domain and multi-hop nature of web searches, requires fundamental advances in visual representation learning, knowledge aggregation, and language generation. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yingshan Chang , Mridu Narang , Hisami Suzuki , Guihong Cao , Jianfeng Gao , Yonatan Bisk

Artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to learn from human experience, adjust to new inputs, and perform human-like tasks. AI is progressing rapidly and is transforming the way businesses operate, from process automation to cognitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Ambreen Hanif