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The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have opened up new opportunities for transforming patient engagement in healthcare through conversational AI. This paper presents an overview of the current landscape of LLMs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bo Wen , Raquel Norel , Julia Liu , Thaddeus Stappenbeck , Farhana Zulkernine , Huamin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools for natural language understanding and user intent resolution, enabling tasks such as translation, summarization, and, increasingly, the orchestration of complex workflows.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Justus Flerlage , Alexander Acker , Odej Kao

The wide exploration of large language models (LLMs) raises the awareness of alignment between healthcare stakeholder preferences and model outputs. This alignment becomes a crucial foundation to empower the healthcare workflow effectively,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Kexin Ding , Mu Zhou , Akshay Chaudhari , Shaoting Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Medical conversational AI (AI) plays a pivotal role in the development of safer and more effective medical dialogue systems. However, existing benchmarks and evaluation frameworks for assessing the information-gathering and diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Lecheng Gong , Weimin Fang , Ting Yang , Dongjie Tao , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Bo Xie , Jinqun Guan , Zixiao Chen , Fang Shi , Jinjie Gu , Junwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have brought huge improvements to Artificial Intelligence (AI), which can be applied to general-purpose tasks. However, their application to textual or spoken medical consultations is still an open research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heriberto Cuayahuitl , Grace Jang

The increasing complexity of clinical decision-making, alongside the rapid expansion of electronic health records (EHR), presents both opportunities and challenges for delivering data-informed care. This paper proposes a clinical decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Leon Garza , Anantaa Kotal , Michael A. Grasso , Emre Umucu

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly adopted to support patients' healthcare-seeking in recent years. While prior patient-centered studies have examined the capabilities and experience of LLM-based tools in specific…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yancheng Cao , Yishu Ji , Chris Yue Fu , Sahiti Dharmavaram , Meghan Turchioe , Natalie C Benda , Lena Mamykina , Yuling Sun , Xuhai "Orson" Xu

The medical ecosystem consists of the training of new clinicians and researchers, the practice of clinical medicine, and areas of adjacent research. There are many aspects of these domains that could benefit from the application of task…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Elisha D. O. Roberson

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in software engineering, recently in the form of conversational assistants, ensuring these technologies align with developers' needs is essential. The limitations of traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Jonan Richards , Mairieli Wessel

Complex medical decision-making involves cooperative workflows operated by different clinicians. Designing AI multi-agent systems can expedite and augment human-level clinical decision-making. Existing multi-agent researches primarily focus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kaitao Chen , Mianxin Liu , Daoming Zong , Chaoyue Ding , Shaohao Rui , Yankai Jiang , Mu Zhou , Xiaosong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming mental health care by enhancing accessibility, personalization, and efficiency in therapeutic interventions. These AI-driven tools empower mental health professionals with real-time support,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hari Mohan Pandey

We propose DISC-MedLLM, a comprehensive solution that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to provide accurate and truthful medical response in end-to-end conversational healthcare services. To construct high-quality Supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhijie Bao , Wei Chen , Shengze Xiao , Kuang Ren , Jiaao Wu , Cheng Zhong , Jiajie Peng , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Mental health issues are worsening in today's competitive society, such as depression and anxiety. Traditional healings like counseling and chatbots fail to engage effectively, they often provide generic responses lacking emotional depth.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yujia Chen , Changsong Li , Yiming Wang , Tianjie Ju , Qingqing Xiao , Nan Zhang , Zifan Kong , Peng Wang , Binyu Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated surprising performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, medical LLMs enhanced with domain-specific knowledge have exhibited excellent capabilities in medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jinqiang Wang , Huansheng Ning , Yi Peng , Qikai Wei , Daniel Tesfai , Wenwei Mao , Tao Zhu , Runhe Huang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been advancing rapidly and with the advent of large language models (LLMs) in late 2022, numerous opportunities have emerged for adopting this technology across various domains, including medicine. These…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Amr Alshatnawi , Remi Sampaleanu , David Liebovitz

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for clinical use. They are often evaluated using datasets such as MedQA. However, Many medical datasets, such as MedQA, rely on simplified Question-Answering (Q\A) that underrepresents real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yunpeng Xiao , Carl Yang , Mark Mai , Xiao Hu , Kai Shu

The severe shortage of medical doctors limits access to timely and reliable healthcare, leaving millions underserved. Large language models (LLMs) offer a potential solution but struggle in real-world clinical interactions. Many LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiayuan Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Yuyuan Liu , Fenglin Liu , Junde Wu

Clinical decision-making is a dynamic, interactive, and cyclic process where doctors have to repeatedly decide on which clinical action to perform and consider newly uncovered information for diagnosis and treatment. Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 David Bani-Harouni , Chantal Pellegrini , Ege Özsoy , Nassir Navab , Matthias Keicher

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable progress across various general domains, encounter significant barriers in medicine and healthcare. This field faces unique challenges such as domain-specific terminologies and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiangru Tang , Anni Zou , Zhuosheng Zhang , Ziming Li , Yilun Zhao , Xingyao Zhang , Arman Cohan , Mark Gerstein

Full-process clinical diagnosis in the real world encompasses the entire diagnostic workflow that begins with only an ambiguous chief complaint. While artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is transforming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shicheng Xu , Xin Huang , Zihao Wei , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng