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There are two contrasting explanations of sleep: as a proximate, essential physiological function or as an adaptive state of inactivity and these hypotheses remain widely debated. To investigate the adaptive significance of sleep, we…
Three abilities - the ability to recognize sounds, the ability to visually recognize movement and the ability to keep an upright standing position - can function only with using precise measurements of the short time intervals. Other…
A biophysical model of arousal dynamics is used to study mechanisms of synchronisation and loss of synchrony among the three key oscillators controlling sleep-wake cycles: the circadian, homeostatic, and light oscillators. Synchronisation…
Daylight plays a major role in the wake/sleep cycle in humans. Indeed, the wake/sleep system stems from biological systems that follow a circadian rhythm determined by the light/dark alternation. The oscillations can be modeled by the…
Sleep is one of the most noticeable and widespread phenomena occurring in multicellular animals. Nevertheless, no consensus for a theory of its origins has emerged. In particular, no explicit, quantitative theory exists that elucidates or…
Visceral theory of sleep states that the same brain neurons, which process external information in wakefulness, during sleep switch to the processing of internal information coming from various visceral systems. Here we hypothesize that a…
Human cognitive performance is critical to productivity, learning, and accident avoidance. Cognitive performance varies throughout each day and is in part driven by intrinsic, near 24-hour circadian rhythms. Prior research on the impact of…
The nervous system displays a variety of rhythms in both waking and sleep. These rhythms have been closely associated with different behavioral and cognitive states, but it is still unknown how the nervous system makes use of these rhythms…
Differential equation-based physiological models of sleep-wake networks describe sleep-wake regulation by simulating the activity of wake- and sleep-promoting neuronal populations and the modulation of these populations by homeostatic and…
Sleep is characterized by non-rapid eye movement (nREM) sleep, originating from widespread neuronal synchrony, and REM sleep, with neuronal desynchronization akin to waking behavior. While these were thought to be global brain states,…
Understanding how decision making changes across the lifespan is a central challenge for neuroscience, yet research on cognitive aging has remained largely disconnected from the theoretical and computational advances that now shape modern…
A number of studies have concluded that dreaming is mostly caused by randomly arriving internal signals because "dream contents are random impulses", and argued that dream sleep is unlikely to play an important part in our intellectual…
Cosmology might turn out to be the study of fluctuations around a "de Sitter equilibrium" state. In this article I review the basic ideas and the attractive features of this framework, and respond to a number common questions raised about…
A coupled map is suggested to investigate various spatial or temporal designs in biology: Several cells (or tissues) in an organ are considered as connected to each other in terms of some molecular diffusions or electrical potential…
Transitions in the dynamics of complex systems can be characterized by changes in the synchronization behavior of their components. Taking the human cardio-respiratory system as an example and using an automated procedure for screening the…
In this note, we present a hypothesis for the emergence of the phenomenon of sleep in organisms with sufficiently developed central nervous systems. We argue that sleep emerges because individual neurons must periodically enter a resting…
Synchronisation is a collective phenomenon widely investigated in classical oscillators and, more recently, in quantum systems. However, it remains unclear what features distinguish synchronous behaviour in these two scenarios. Recent works…
We have analysed the many facets of Consciousness into two distinct categories. First: the organisational state of the neural networks at any one time, which determines whether a person is conscious - awake, or unconscious - asleep. Second:…
The apparent stability of population oscillations in ecological systems is a long-standing puzzle. A generic solution for this problem is suggested here. The stabilizing mechanism involves the combined effect of spatial migration,…
This work presents a comprehensive theory of consciousness grounded in mathematical formalism and supported by clinical data analysis. The framework developed herein demonstrates that consciousness exists as a continuous, non-monotonic…