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Smart contract comment generation has gained traction as a means to improve code comprehension and maintainability in blockchain systems. However, evaluating the quality of generated comments remains a challenge. Traditional metrics such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Fatou Ndiaye Mbodji

Language models have shown strong capabilities across a wide range of tasks in software engineering, such as code generation, yet they suffer from hallucinations. While hallucinations have been studied independently in natural language and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chunhua Liu , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in numerous tasks but still heavily rely on knowledge stored in their parameters. Moreover, updating this knowledge incurs high training costs. Retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Xuhong Zhang , Weihao Liu , Jianwei Yin , Jiannan Cao , Tianyu Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising potentials in program generation and no-code automation. However, LLMs are prone to generate hallucinations, i.e., they generate text which sounds plausible but is incorrect. Although there…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Vibhor Agarwal , Yulong Pei , Salwa Alamir , Xiaomo Liu

Hallucination is a well-known phenomenon in text generated by large language models (LLMs). The existence of hallucinatory responses is found in almost all application scenarios e.g., summarization, question-answering (QA) etc. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mobashir Sadat , Zhengyu Zhou , Lukas Lange , Jun Araki , Arsalan Gundroo , Bingqing Wang , Rakesh R Menon , Md Rizwan Parvez , Zhe Feng

Natural language comments convey key aspects of source code such as implementation, usage, and pre- and post-conditions. Failure to update comments accordingly when the corresponding code is modified introduces inconsistencies, which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Sheena Panthaplackel , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric , Raymond J. Mooney

Existing models on open-domain comment generation are difficult to train, and they produce repetitive and uninteresting responses. The problem is due to multiple and contradictory responses from a single article, and by the rigidity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Zhaojiang Lin , Genta Indra Winata , Pascale Fung

The proliferation of fake news has had far-reaching implications on politics, the economy, and society at large. While Fake news detection methods have been employed to mitigate this issue, they primarily depend on two essential elements:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Guanghua Li , Wensheng Lu , Wei Zhang , Defu Lian , Kezhong Lu , Rui Mao , Kai Shu , Hao Liao

The integration of retrieved passages and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPTs, has significantly contributed to improving open-domain question answering. However, there is still a lack of exploration regarding the optimal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ye Liu , Semih Yavuz , Rui Meng , Meghana Moorthy , Shafiq Joty , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Despite the dramatic progress in Large Language Model (LLM) development, LLMs often provide seemingly plausible but not factual information, often referred to as hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented LLMs provide a non-parametric approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinated content, posing significant challenges for applications where factuality is crucial. While existing hallucination detection methods typically operate at the sentence level or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Albert Sawczyn , Jakub Binkowski , Denis Janiak , Bogdan Gabrys , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Peer review is central to scientific quality, yet reliance on simple heuristics -- lazy thinking -- has lowered standards. Prior work treats lazy thinking detection as a single-label task, but review segments may exhibit multiple issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Sukannya Purkayastha , Qile Wan , Anne Lauscher , Lizhen Qu , Iryna Gurevych

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

Large language models (LLMs) present a promising yet challenging frontier for automated source citation in scientific communication. Previous approaches to citation generation have been limited by citation ambiguity and LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yash Saxena , Deepa Tilwani , Ali Mohammadi , Edward Raff , Amit Sheth , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Manas Gaur

Watermarking large language models (LLMs) is vital for preventing their misuse, including the fabrication of fake news, plagiarism, and spam. It is especially important to watermark LLM-generated code, as it often contains intellectual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Li Lin , Siyuan Xin , Yang Cao , Xiaochun Cao

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance across various NLP tasks. However, they often generate incorrect or hallucinated information, which hinders their practical applicability in real-world scenarios. Human feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Wenhao Yu , Zhihan Zhang , Zhenwen Liang , Meng Jiang , Ashish Sabharwal

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Prompting large language models (LLMs) to evaluate generated text, known as LLM-as-a-judge, has become a standard evaluation approach in natural language generation (NLG), but is primarily used as a quantitative tool, i.e. with numerical…

LLMs offer valuable capabilities, yet they can be utilized by malicious users to disseminate deceptive information and generate fake news. The growing prevalence of LLMs poses difficulties in crafting detection approaches that remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Navid Ayoobi , Sadat Shahriar , Arjun Mukherjee

Large language models (LLMs) with their strong zero-shot topic extraction capabilities offer an alternative to probabilistic topic modelling and closed-set topic classification approaches. As zero-shot topic extractors, LLMs are expected to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Yida Mu , Peizhen Bai , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song