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In many contemporary applications, large amounts of unlabeled data are readily available while labeled examples are limited. There has been substantial interest in semi-supervised learning (SSL) which aims to leverage unlabeled data to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-28 Jessica Gronsbell , Molei Liu , Lu Tian , Tianxi Cai

Researchers produce thousands of scholarly documents containing valuable technical knowledge. The community faces the laborious task of reading these documents to identify, extract, and synthesize information. To automate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tavish McDonald , Brian Tsan , Amar Saini , Juanita Ordonez , Luis Gutierrez , Phan Nguyen , Blake Mason , Brenda Ng

Active learning (AL) reduces human annotation costs for machine learning systems by strategically selecting the most informative unlabeled data for annotation, but performing it individually may still be insufficient due to restricted data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jun Zhang , Jue Wang , Huan Li , Zhongle Xie , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou

Imperfections in data annotation, known as label noise, are detrimental to the training of machine learning models and have an often-overlooked confounding effect on the assessment of model performance. Nevertheless, employing experts to…

Asking good questions is critical for comprehension and learning, yet evaluating and generating such questions remains a challenging problem. Prior work on inquisitive questions focuses on learner-generated, curiosity-driven queries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Dong-Ho Lee , Hyundong Cho , Jonathan May , Jay Pujara

Surgical tool detection in minimally invasive surgery is an essential part of computer-assisted interventions. Current approaches are mostly based on supervised methods which require large fully labeled data to train supervised models and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Mansoor Ali , Gilberto Ochoa-Ruiz , Sharib Ali

Understanding the connections between unstructured text and semi-structured table is an important yet neglected problem in natural language processing. In this work, we focus on content-based table retrieval. Given a query, the task is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Zhao Yan , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Junwei Bao , Yuanhua Lv , Ming Zhou , Zhoujun Li

Multilingual e-commerce search suffers from severe data imbalance across languages, label noise, and limited supervision for low-resource languages--challenges that impede the cross-lingual generalization of relevance models despite the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yabo Yin , Yang Xi , Jialong Wang , Shanqi Wang , Jiateng Hu

The effectiveness of unlabeled data in Semi/Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) depends on appropriate assumptions for specific scenarios, thereby enabling the selection of beneficial unsupervised pretext tasks. However, existing research has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Lin-Han Jia , Si-Yu Han , Wen-Chao Hu , Jie-Jing Shao , Wen-Da Wei , Zhi Zhou , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

The goal of document-level relation extraction (RE) is to identify relations between entities that span multiple sentences. Recently, incomplete labeling in document-level RE has received increasing attention, and some studies have used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Ye Wang , Huazheng Pan , Tao Zhang , Wen Wu , Wenxin Hu

Tables are widely used in various kinds of documents to present information concisely. Understanding tables is a challenging problem that requires an understanding of language and table structure, along with numerical and logical reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Devansh Gautam , Kshitij Gupta , Manish Shrivastava

Standard multiple testing procedures are designed to report a list of discoveries, or suspected false null hypotheses, given the hypotheses' p-values or test scores. Recently there has been a growing interest in enhancing such procedures by…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-29 Jack Freestone , William Stafford Noble , Uri Keich

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation, but it often suffers from unstable pseudo labels under extremely limited annotations, leading to inaccurate supervision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ruili Li , Jiayi Ding , Ruiyu Li , Yilun Jin , Shiwen Ge , Yuwen Zeng , Xiaoyong Zhang , Eichi Takaya , Jan Vrba , Noriyasu Homma

State-of-the-art machine learning models require access to significant amount of annotated data in order to achieve the desired level of performance. While unlabelled data can be largely available and even abundant, annotation process can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Rahaf Aljundi , Nikolay Chumerin , Daniel Olmeda Reino

Skills play a central role in the job market and many human resources (HR) processes. In the wake of other digital experiences, today's online job market has candidates expecting to see the right opportunities based on their skill set.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

State-of-the-art (SOTA) semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods have been highly successful in leveraging a mix of labeled and unlabeled data by combining techniques of consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling. During pseudo-labeling,…

Though quite challenging, leveraging large-scale unlabeled or partially labeled data in learning systems (e.g., model/classifier training) has attracted increasing attentions due to its fundamental importance. To address this problem, many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Keze Wang , Liang Lin , Xiaopeng Yan , Ziliang Chen , Dongyu Zhang , Lei Zhang

This paper explores the development and application of an automated system designed to extract information from semi-structured interview transcripts. Given the labor-intensive nature of traditional qualitative analysis methods, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Angelina Parfenova

A visually rich document (VRD) utilizes visual features along with linguistic cues to disseminate information. Training a custom extractor that identifies named entities from a document requires a large number of instances of the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Ritesh Sarkhel , Xiaoqi Ren , Lauro Beltrao Costa , Guolong Su , Vincent Perot , Yanan Xie , Emmanouil Koukoumidis , Arnab Nandi

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted enormous attention due to its vast potential of mitigating the dependence on large labeled datasets. The latest methods (e.g., FixMatch) use a combination of consistency regularization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yuhao Chen , Xin Tan , Borui Zhao , Zhaowei Chen , Renjie Song , Jiajun Liang , Xuequan Lu