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The increasing usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, especially Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), is increasing the power consumption during training and inference, posing environmental concerns and driving the need for more…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Gabriel Cortês , Nuno Lourenço , Penousal Machado

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

Recent research shows large-scale AI-centric data centers could experience rapid fluctuations in power demand due to varying computation loads, such as sudden spikes from inference or interruption of training large language models (LLMs).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Mariam Mughees , Yuzhuo Li , Yize Chen , Yunwei Ryan Li

The unprecedented rapid growth of computing demand for AI is projected to increase global annual datacenter (DC) growth from 7.2% to 11.3%. We project the 5-year AI DC demand for several power grids and assess whether they will allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Liuzixuan Lin , Rajini Wijayawardana , Varsha Rao , Hai Nguyen , Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga , Andrew A. Chien

The rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is driving unprecedented growth in global computational demand, placing increasing pressure on electricity systems. This study introduces an AI-energy coupling framework that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danbo Chen , Zijun Zhou , Yongyang Cai , Jiahong Qin , Ani Katchova , Lei Chen

Addressing the so-called ``Red-AI'' trend of rising energy consumption by large-scale neural networks, this study investigates the actual energy consumption, as measured by node-level watt-meters, of training various fully connected neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Charles Edison Tripp , Jordan Perr-Sauer , Jamil Gafur , Amabarish Nag , Avi Purkayastha , Sagi Zisman , Erik A. Bensen

"How much energy is consumed for an inference made by a convolutional neural network (CNN)?" With the increased popularity of CNNs deployed on the wide-spectrum of platforms (from mobile devices to workstations), the answer to this question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Ermao Cai , Da-Cheng Juan , Dimitrios Stamoulis , Diana Marculescu

AI's exponential growth intensifies computational demands and energy challenges. While practitioners employ various optimization techniques, that we refer as "knobs" in this paper, to tune model efficiency, these are typically afterthoughts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Saurabhsingh Rajput , Mootez Saad , Tushar Sharma

Much work has been dedicated to estimating and optimizing workloads in high-performance computing (HPC) and deep learning. However, researchers have typically relied on few metrics to assess the efficiency of those techniques. Most notably,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Hugo Waltsburger , Erwan Libessart , Chengfang Ren , Anthony Kolar , Regis Guinvarc'h

The surge for computing resource demand is increasing global electricity consumption in data centers which is expected to exceed 1000 TWh by 2026, mainly attributable to adoption of new AI technologies. Carbon-aware computing strategies can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Marvin Steinke

Forecasting power consumptions of integrated electrical, heat or gas network systems is essential in order to operate more efficiently the whole energy network. Multi-energy systems are increasingly seen as a key component of future energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Corneliu Arsene , Alessandra Parisio

In particular, large-scale deep learning and artificial intelligence model training uses a lot of computational power and energy, so it poses serious sustainability issues. The fast rise in model complexity has resulted in exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yashasvi Makin , Rahul Maliakkal

We examine the computational energy requirements of different systems driven by the geometrical scaling law, and increasing use of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning (AI-ML) over the last decade. With more scientific and technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sadasivan Shankar , Albert Reuther

The "AI for Science, Energy, and Security" report from DOE outlines a significant focus on developing and optimizing artificial intelligence workflows for a foundational impact on a broad range of DOE missions. With the pervasive usage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jae-Won Chung , Nishil Talati , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Demand for AI accelerators is rapidly increasing rack power density, with projections approaching 1MW per deployment by 2027. This poses a major challenge for datacenter power delivery designers. As power densities increase, a datacenter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Grant Wilkins , Fiodar Kazhamiaka , Alok Gautam Kumbhare , Chaojie Zhang , Ricardo Bianchini

Power consumption costs takes upto half of operational expenses of datacenters making power management a critical concern. Advances in processor technology provide fine-grained control over operating frequency and voltage of processors and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Swetha P. T. Srinivasan , Umesh Bellur

Modern AI practices all strive towards the same goal: better results. In the context of deep learning, the term "results" often refers to the achieved accuracy on a competitive problem set. In this paper, we adopt an idea from the emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Tim Yarally , Luís Cruz , Daniel Feitosa , June Sallou , Arie van Deursen

Deep learning (DL) workflows demand an ever-increasing budget of compute and energy in order to achieve outsized gains. Neural architecture searches, hyperparameter sweeps, and rapid prototyping consume immense resources that can prevent…

This paper analyzes the robustness of state-of-the-art AI-based models for power grid operations under the $N-1$ security criterion. While these models perform well in regular grid settings, our results highlight a significant loss in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Pantelis Dogoulis , Matthieu Jimenez , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

The increasing demand for computational resources of training neural networks leads to a concerning growth in energy consumption. While parallelization has enabled upscaling model and dataset sizes and accelerated training, its impact on…