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In real-world applications, learning-enabled systems often undergo iterative model development to address challenging or emerging tasks, which involve collecting new data, training a new model and validating the model. This continual model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Gang Li , Wendi Yu , Yao Yao , Wei Tong , Yingbin Liang , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

Cognitive decline is a natural part of aging. However, under some circumstances, this decline is more pronounced than expected, typically due to disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Early detection of an anomalous decline is crucial, as…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advancements, but the increasing complexity of tasks and higher performance demands highlight the need for continuous improvement. Some approaches utilize synthetic data generated by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Haokun Zhao , Jinyi Han , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Xiaojun Meng , Jiansheng Wei

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising parallel generation paradigm but suffer from slow inference due to numerous refinement steps and the inability to use standard KV caching. We introduce CDLM (Consistency Diffusion Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minseo Kim , Chenfeng Xu , Coleman Hooper , Harman Singh , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are restricted latent class models widely used to measure attributes of interest in diagnostic assessments across education, psychology, biomedical sciences, and related fields. Partial-mastery CDMs…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-16 Camilo Cárdenas-Hurtado , Sze Ming Lee , Yunxiao Chen , Irini Moustaki

Estimation of the large $Q$-matrix in Cognitive Diagnosis Models (CDMs) with many items and latent attributes from observational data has been a huge challenge due to its high computational cost. Borrowing ideas from deep learning…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-30 Chengcheng Li , Chenchen Ma , Gongjun Xu

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems play a crucial role in analyzing neuroimaging data for neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, small-sample studies suffer from low reproducibility, while large-scale datasets introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xinglin Zhao , Yanwen Wang , Xiaobo Liu , Yanrong Hao , Rui Cao , Xin Wen

Collaboration is identified as a required and necessary skill for students to be successful in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). However, due to growing student population and limited teaching staff it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Anirudh Som , Sujeong Kim , Bladimir Lopez-Prado , Svati Dhamija , Nonye Alozie , Amir Tamrakar

Current evaluations of large language models aggregate performance across diverse tasks into single scores. This obscures fine-grained ability variation, limiting targeted model improvement and ability-guided selection for specific tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xu Zhang , Xudong Gong , Jiacheng Qin , Qiang Wang , JiaQi Liao , Zhe Wang , Dawei Feng , Bo Ding

Long-context modeling has drawn more and more attention in the area of Large Language Models (LLMs). Continual training with long-context data becomes the de-facto method to equip LLMs with the ability to process long inputs. However, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jianghao Chen , Junhong Wu , Yangyifan Xu , Jiajun Zhang

The emergence of large scaled sensor networks facilitates the collection of large amounts of real-time data to monitor and control complex engineering systems. However, in many cases the collected data may be incomplete or inconsistent,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-11-01 Huanhuan Chen , Peter Tino , Xin Yao , Ali Rodan

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) are psychometric models for evaluating a student's mastery of the essential skills in a content domain based upon their responses to a set of test items. Currently, diagnostic model and/or Q-matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-03 Christy Brown , Jonathan Templin

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a noninvasive technique pivotal for understanding human neural mechanisms of intricate cognitive processes. Most rs-fMRI studies compute a single static functional…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-25 Bishal Thapaliya , Robyn Miller , Jiayu Chen , Yu-Ping Wang , Esra Akbas , Ram Sapkota , Bhaskar Ray , Pranav Suresh , Santosh Ghimire , Vince Calhoun , Jingyu Liu

During the past few decades, cognitive diagnostics modeling has attracted increasing attention in computational education communities, which is capable of quantifying the learning status and knowledge mastery levels of students. Indeed, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yunfei Zhang , Chuan Qin , Dazhong Shen , Haiping Ma , Le Zhang , Xingyi Zhang , Hengshu Zhu

We present the Classroom Technology Deployment Matrix (CTDM), a tool for high-level Planning, Monitoring, Evaluating and Reporting of classroom deployments of educational technologies, enabling researchers, teachers and schools to work…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Philip Heslop , Ahmed Kharrufa , Madeline Balaam , David Leat

Conditional diffusion models (CDMs) have shown impressive performance across a range of generative tasks. Their ability to model the full data distribution has opened new avenues for analysis-by-synthesis in downstream discriminative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yitao Xu , Tong Zhang , Ehsan Pajouheshgar , Sabine Süsstrunk

We describe theoretical bounds and a practical algorithm for teaching a model by demonstration in a sequential decision making environment. Unlike previous efforts that have optimized learners that watch a teacher demonstrate a static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Thomas J. Walsh , Sergiu Goschin

Discrete choice models are essential for modelling various decision-making processes in human behaviour. However, the specification of these models has depended heavily on domain knowledge from experts, and the fully automated but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Fumiyasu Makinoshima , Tatsuya Mitomi , Fumiya Makihara , Eigo Segawa

Cognitive assessment is a growing area in psychological and educational measurement, where tests are given to assess mastery/deficiency of attributes or skills. A key issue is the correct identification of attributes associated with items…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Jingchen Liu , Gongjun Xu , Zhiliang Ying

Cognitive diagnosis is a crucial task in computational education, aimed at evaluating students' proficiency levels across various knowledge concepts through exercises. Current models, however, primarily rely on students' answered exercises,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Haiping Ma , Changqian Wang , Hengshu Zhu , Shangshang Yang , Xiaoming Zhang , Xingyi Zhang