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Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

Large language models are typically deployed as monolithic systems, requiring the full model even when applications need only a narrow subset of capabilities, e.g., code, math, or domain-specific knowledge. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ryan Wang , Akshita Bhagia , Sewon Min

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown remarkable capability in instruction tuning, especially when the number of tasks scales. However, previous methods simply merge all training tasks (e.g. creative writing, coding, and mathematics)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tong Zhu , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Jiacheng Ruan , Wenliang Chen , Yu Cheng

Scaling large language models (LLMs) significantly improves performance but comes with prohibitive computational costs. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer an efficient alternative, increasing capacity without a proportional rise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Aditya Vavre , Ethan He , Dennis Liu , Zijie Yan , June Yang , Nima Tajbakhsh , Ashwath Aithal

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) based large language models (LLMs), such as the recent Mixtral and DeepSeek-MoE, have shown great promise in scaling model size without suffering from the quadratic growth of training cost of dense transformers. Like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Longfei Yun , Yonghao Zhuang , Yao Fu , Eric P Xing , Hao Zhang

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming the mainstream approach for ultra-large-scale models. Existing optimization efforts for MoE models have focused primarily on coarse-grained MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Haoqi Yang , Luohe Shi , Qiwei Li , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Bo Du , Mengjia Shen , Hai Zhao

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance performance by selectively engaging specialized subnetworks or "experts" for each input. However, deploying MoEs on memory-constrained devices remains…

The visual medium (images and videos) naturally contains a large amount of information redundancy, thereby providing a great opportunity for leveraging efficiency in processing. While Vision Transformer (ViT) based models scale effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Gagan Jain , Nidhi Hegde , Aditya Kusupati , Arsha Nagrani , Shyamal Buch , Prateek Jain , Anurag Arnab , Sujoy Paul

The emergence of large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, offering enhanced model capacity and computational efficiency through conditional computation. However, deploying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Jiacheng Liu , Peng Tang , Wenfeng Wang , Yuhang Ren , Xiaofeng Hou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Minyi Guo , Chao Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and computational efficiency. However, their deployment is often constrained by substantial memory demands, primarily due to the need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiawei Hao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Dan Zeng

Large Language and Vision Models using a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture pose significant challenges for deployment due to their computational and memory demands. Mixed Precision Quantization assigns different precisions to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Jie Ye , Murali Emani

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained significant attention in deep learning due to their dynamic resource allocation and superior performance across diverse tasks. However, efficiently training these models remains challenging.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Junfeng Ran , Guangxiang Zhao , Yuhan Wu , Dawei Zhu , Longyun Wu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model is powerful for large-scale pre-training and has achieved promising results due to its model capacity. However, with trillions of parameters, MoE is hard to be deployed on cloud or mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Tianyu Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yuan Xie , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Haoyi Zhou , Jianxin Li , Furu Wei

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models allow the number of parameters to greatly increase while keeping the amount of computation for a given token or a given sample unchanged. However, a poor expert routing strategy (e.g. one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yanqi Zhou , Tao Lei , Hanxiao Liu , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , Vincent Zhao , Andrew Dai , Zhifeng Chen , Quoc Le , James Laudon

Mixture of Experts layers (MoEs) enable efficient scaling of language models through conditional computation. This paper presents a detailed empirical study of how autoregressive MoE language models scale in comparison with dense models in…

MoE-PEFT methods combine Mixture of Experts with parameter-efficient fine-tuning for multi-task adaptation, but require separate adapters per expert causing trainable parameters to scale linearly with expert count and limiting applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Md Kowsher , Haris Mansoor , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Ozlem Garibay , Victor Zhu , Zhengping Ji , Chen Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable neural networks through conditional computation, offering enhanced effectiveness and efficiency for next-generation wireless communications. However, deploying MoE with federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boyang Zhang , Xiaobing Chen , Songyang Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Xiangwei Zhou , Jian Zhang , Mingxuan Sun

Recent advancements in scaling up models have significantly improved performance in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tasks. However, training large ASR models from scratch remains costly. To address this issue, we introduce UME, a novel…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Li Fu , Shanyong Yu , Siqi Li , Lu Fan , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

We propose the Mixture of Frozen Experts (MoFE) architecture, which integrates Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) and the Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture to enhance both training efficiency and model scalability. By freezing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jean Seo , Jaeyoon Kim , Hyopil Shin