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Estimating the counterfactual outcome of treatment is essential for decision-making in public health and clinical science, among others. Often, treatments are administered in a sequential, time-varying manner, leading to an exponentially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Shenghao Wu , Wenbin Zhou , Minshuo Chen , Shixiang Zhu

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text-to-image and text-to-video generation, opening up possibilities for video editing based on textual input. However, the computational cost associated with sequential sampling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Youyuan Zhang , Xuan Ju , James J. Clark

Non-contrast CT (NCCT) imaging may reduce image contrast and anatomical visibility, potentially increasing diagnostic uncertainty. In contrast, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) facilitates the observation of regions of interest (ROI). Leading…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-18 Tingyi Lin , Pengju Lyu , Jie Zhang , Yuqing Wang , Cheng Wang , Jianjun Zhu

Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a promising method for elucidating the behavior of opaque black-box models. Recently, several works leveraged pixel-space diffusion models for counterfactual generation. To handle noisy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Karim Farid , Simon Schrodi , Max Argus , Thomas Brox

Video anomaly detection is an essential yet challenging task in the multimedia community, with promising applications in smart cities and secure communities. Existing methods attempt to learn abstract representations of regular events with…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Yang Liu , Zhaoyang Xia , Mengyang Zhao , Donglai Wei , Yuzheng Wang , Liu Siao , Bobo Ju , Gaoyun Fang , Jing Liu , Liang Song

Forecasting faithful trajectories of multivariate time series from practical scopes is essential for reasonable decision-making. Recent methods majorly tailor generative conditional diffusion models to estimate the target temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Hui Xiong

Accurate and uncertainty-aware trajectory prediction remains a core challenge for autonomous driving, driven by complex multi-agent interactions, diverse scene contexts and the inherently stochastic nature of future motion. Diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Marion Neumeier , Niklas Roßberg , Michael Botsch , Wolfgang Utschick

Given the audio-visual clip of the speaker, facial reaction generation aims to predict the listener's facial reactions. The challenge lies in capturing the relevance between video and audio while balancing appropriateness, realism, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jiaming Li , Sheng Wang , Xin Wang , Yitao Zhu , Honglin Xiong , Zixu Zhuang , Qian Wang

The controllable generation of diffusion models aims to steer the model to generate samples that optimize some given objective functions. It is desirable for a variety of applications including image generation, molecule generation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Owen Oertell , Shikun Sun , Yiding Chen , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhiyong Wang , Wen Sun

Recent advancements in diffusion models have greatly improved the quality and diversity of synthesized content. To harness the expressive power of diffusion models, researchers have explored various controllable mechanisms that allow users…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Tsai-Shien Chen , Chieh Hubert Lin , Hung-Yu Tseng , Tsung-Yi Lin , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Text-to-video diffusion models have advanced video generation significantly. However, customizing these models to generate videos with tailored motions presents a substantial challenge. In specific, they encounter hurdles in (a) accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Hyeonho Jeong , Geon Yeong Park , Jong Chul Ye

Recent work in Video Frame Interpolation (VFI) tries to formulate VFI as a diffusion-based conditional image generation problem, synthesizing the intermediate frame given a random noise and neighboring frames. Due to the relatively high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zonglin Lyu , Ming Li , Jianbo Jiao , Chen Chen

Trajectory prediction is critical for autonomous driving vehicles. Most existing methods tend to model the correlation between history trajectory (input) and future trajectory (output). Since correlation is just a superficial description of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Shengyi Li , Qifan Xue , Yezhuo Zhang , Xuanpeng Li

Controllability is a fundamental requirement in video synthesis, where accurate alignment with conditioning signals is essential. Existing classifier-free guidance methods typically achieve conditioning indirectly by modeling the joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Weiqi Li , Zehao Zhang , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) are an attractive alternative to autoregressive models because they promise sublinear-time, parallel generation, yet practical gains remain elusive as high-quality samples still demand hundreds of refinement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hasan Amin , Yuan Gao , Yaser Souri , Subhojit Som , Ming Yin , Rajiv Khanna , Xia Song

Text-to-video generation aims to produce a video based on a given prompt. Recently, several commercial video models have been able to generate plausible videos with minimal noise, excellent details, and high aesthetic scores. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Haoxin Chen , Yong Zhang , Xiaodong Cun , Menghan Xia , Xintao Wang , Chao Weng , Ying Shan

Zero-shot, training-free, image-based text-to-video generation is an emerging area that aims to generate videos using existing image-based diffusion models. Current methods in this space require specific architectural changes to image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Diljeet Jagpal , Xi Chen , Vinay P. Namboodiri

Text-to-motion generation has attracted increasing attention in the research community recently, with potential applications in animation, virtual reality, robotics, and human-computer interaction. Diffusion and autoregressive models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kang Ding , Hongsong Wang , Jie Gui , Liang Wang

Existing works on video frame interpolation (VFI) mostly employ deep neural networks that are trained by minimizing the L1, L2, or deep feature space distance (e.g. VGG loss) between their outputs and ground-truth frames. However, recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Duolikun Danier , Fan Zhang , David Bull

With the increasing popularity of autonomous driving based on the powerful and unified bird's-eye-view (BEV) representation, a demand for high-quality and large-scale multi-view video data with accurate annotation is urgently required.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xiaofan Li , Yifu Zhang , Xiaoqing Ye