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As language models accelerate scientific research by automating hypothesis generation and implementation, a new bottleneck emerges: evaluating and filtering hundreds of AI-generated ideas without exhaustive experimentation. We ask whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Srujan P Mule , Aniketh Garikaparthi , Manasi Patwardhan

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising approach for training reasoning language models (RLMs) by leveraging supervision from verifiers. Although verifier implementation is easier than solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Andre He , Nathaniel Weir , Kaj Bostrom , Allen Nie , Darion Cassel , Sam Bayless , Huzefa Rangwala

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a powerful paradigm for improving language models on reasoning-intensive tasks, but its effectiveness is often limited by exploration. For example, models often fail on hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruitao Liu , Qinghao Hu , Alex Hu , Yecheng Wu , Shang Yang , Luke J. Huang , Zhuoyang Zhang , Han Cai , Song Han

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that reasoning ability can be significantly enhanced through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as the de…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jingyu Zhou , Lu Ma , Hao Liang , Chengyu Shen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as a key paradigm for post-training Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for complex reasoning tasks. However, vanilla RLVR training has been shown to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiao Liang , Zhongzhi Li , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Ying Nian Wu , Zhijiang Guo , Weizhu Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has been the dominant approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently, Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has simplified this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yining Wang , Jinman Zhao , Chuangxin Zhao , Shuhao Guan , Gerald Penn , Shinan Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for eliciting reasoning chains before generating final answers. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate reasoning that lacks integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Patrick Ng

Recent successes of reinforcement learning (RL) in training large reasoning models motivate the question of whether self-training - the process where a model learns from its own judgments - can be sustained within RL. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Sheikh Shafayat , Fahim Tajwar , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jeff Schneider , Andrea Zanette

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, existing methods rely solely on outcome rewards, without explicitly optimizing verification or leveraging…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yiyang Jin , Kunzhao Xu , Hang Li , Xueting Han , Yanmin Zhou , Cheng Li , Jing Bai

Vision-Language Models in Continual Learning (VLM-CL) aim to continuously adapt to new multimodal tasks while retaining prior knowledge. The emerging paradigm that couples Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiuhe Hong , Yuyang Liu , Shuo Yang , Tiantian Peng , Fei Zhu , Yonghong Tian

Large reasoning models (LRMs) are typically trained using reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR) to enhance their reasoning abilities. In this paradigm, policies are updated using both positive and negative self-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Xinyu Tang , Yuliang Zhan , Zhixun Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhenduo Zhang , Zujie Wen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, RLVR training is often hindered by sparse binary rewards and weak credit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mengjie Ren , Jie Lou , Boxi Cao , Xueru Wen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xing Yu , Yaojie Lu

Advanced test-time computing strategies are essential for scaling reasoning models, but their effectiveness is capped by the models' poor self-evaluation. We propose a pairwise Explanatory Verifier, trained via reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Anisha Garg , Engin Tekin , Yash More , David Bick , Nishit Neema , Ganesh Venkatesh

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in training large reasoning models (LRMs) by leveraging answer-verifiable signals to guide policy optimization, which, however, suffers from high annotation costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shenzhi Yang , Guangcheng Zhu , Xing Zheng , Yingfan MA , Zhongqi Chen , Bowen Song , Weiqiang Wang , Junbo Zhao , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

Recent advances in large reasoning models have leveraged reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) to improve reasoning capabilities. However, scaling these methods typically requires extensive rollout computation and large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xinyu Tang , Zhenduo Zhang , Yurou Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zujie Wen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Video generation models produce visually coherent content but struggle with tasks requiring spatial reasoning and multi-step planning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a path to improve generalization, but its effectiveness in video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ming Liu , Yunbei Zhang , Shilong Liu , Liwen Wang , Wensheng Zhang

While Reinforcement Learning for Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is powerful for training large reasoning models, its training dynamics harbor a critical challenge: RL overfitting, where models gain training rewards but lose generalization. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zeng Zhiyuan , Jiashuo Liu , Zhangyue Yin , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently shown promise in solving complex math problems when optimized with Reinforcement Learning (RL). But conventional approaches rely on outcome-only rewards that provide sparse feedback, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tao He , Rongchuan Mu , Lizi Liao , Yixin Cao , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently strengthened LLM reasoning, but its focus on final answer correctness leaves a critical gap: it does not ensure the robustness of the reasoning process itself. We adopt a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hyunseok Lee , Soheil Abbasloo , Jihoon Tack , Jinwoo Shin

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models. While existing analyses identify that RLVR-induced changes are sparse, they primarily focus on the…