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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable of handling diverse tasks with the aid of well-crafted prompts and integration of external tools, but as task complexity rises, the workflow involving LLMs can be complicated and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Honghua Dong , Qidong Su , Yubo Gao , Zhaoyu Li , Yangjun Ruan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Chris J. Maddison , Xujie Si

Synthesizing a program that realizes a logical specification is a classical problem in computer science. We examine a particular type of program synthesis, where the objective is to synthesize a strategy that reacts to a potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Alberto Camacho , Sheila A. McIlraith

Much is promised in relation to AI-supported software development. However, there has been limited evaluation effort in the research domain aimed at validating the true utility of such techniques, especially when compared to human coding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sherlock A. Licorish , Ansh Bajpai , Chetan Arora , Fanyu Wang , Kla Tantithamthavorn

LLMs have recently made impressive inroads on tasks whose output is structured, such as coding, robotic planning and querying databases. The vision of creating AI-powered personal assistants also involves creating structured outputs, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Yuliang Li , Nitin Kamra , Ruta Desai , Alon Halevy

Automated planning is concerned with developing efficient algorithms to generate plans or sequences of actions to achieve a specific goal in a given environment. Emerging Large Language Models (LLMs) can answer questions, write high-quality…

LLMs have shown impressive success in program synthesis, discovering programs that surpass prior solutions. However, these approaches rely on simple numeric scores to signal program quality, such as the value of the solution or the number…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 André G. Pereira , Augusto B. Corrêa , Jendrik Seipp

Program synthesis techniques offer significant new capabilities in searching for programs that satisfy high-level specifications. While synthesis has been thoroughly explored for input/output pair specifications (programming-by-example),…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Will Crichton

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Among the hardest tasks for humans are those found in competitive programming where problems require sophisticated algorithmic thinking, puzzle solving, and the creation of effective code. As a domain to assess language models (LMs), it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Md Tanzib Hosain , Md Kishor Morol

Prompt engineering is crucial for achieving reliable and effective outputs from large language models (LLMs), but its design requires specialized knowledge of prompting techniques and a deep understanding of target tasks. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yohei Ikenoue , Hitomi Tashiro , Shigeru Kuroyanagi

Formal specifications play a pivotal role in accurately characterizing program behaviors and ensuring software correctness. In recent years, leveraging large language models (LLMs) for the automatic generation of program specifications has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zehan Chen , Long Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , JingJing Zhang , Ruoyu Zhou , Yulong Shen , JianFeng Ma , Lin Yang

While AI programming tools hold the promise of increasing programmers' capabilities and productivity to a remarkable degree, they often exclude users from essential decision-making processes, causing many to effectively "turn off their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Emmanuel Anaya González , Raven Rothkopf , Sorin Lerner , Nadia Polikarpova

Background: The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has opened new possibilities for code generation. Despite the widespread use of this technology, it remains unclear how well LLMs generate code solutions in terms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Alfred Santa Molison , Marcia Moraes , Glaucia Melo , Fabio Santos , Wesley K. G. Assuncao

Formal specifications, such as pre- and post-conditions provide a solid basis for performing thorough program verification. However, developers rarely provide such formal specifications, hence if AI could help in constructing them, it would…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Fitsum Kifetew , Davide Prandi

This paper focuses on automated synthesis of divide-and-conquer parallelism, which is a common parallel programming skeleton supported by many cross-platform multithreaded libraries. The challenges of producing (manually or automatically) a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Azadeh Farzan , Victor Nicolet

Automatic programming has seen increasing popularity due to the emergence of tools like GitHub Copilot which rely on Large Language Models (LLMs). At the same time, automatically generated code faces challenges during deployment due to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Michael R. Lyu , Baishakhi Ray , Abhik Roychoudhury , Shin Hwei Tan , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Reading, understanding and explaining code have traditionally been important skills for novices learning programming. As large language models (LLMs) become prevalent, these foundational skills are more important than ever given the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Paul Denny , David H. Smith , Max Fowler , James Prather , Brett A. Becker , Juho Leinonen

Program synthesis aims to automatically construct human-readable programs that satisfy given task specifications, such as input/output pairs or demonstrations. Recent works have demonstrated encouraging results in a variety of domains, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Linghan Zhong , Ryan Lindeborg , Jesse Zhang , Joseph J. Lim , Shao-Hua Sun

IEC 61131-3 Structured Text (ST) is a widely used programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in automation systems. However, generating ST code with LLMs poses unique challenges due to limited data in public training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Aaron Haag , Bertram Fuchs , Altay Kacan , Oliver Lohse

When programming students encounter errors in their code, compiler messages or static analysis output often provide limited guidance, particularly for novice programmers. Personalized feedback from instructors can be effective but does not…

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