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Estimating treatment effects from observational data is of central interest across numerous application domains. Individual treatment effect offers the most granular measure of treatment effect on an individual level, and is the most useful…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-06 Hengrui Cai , Huaqing Jin , Lexin Li

Image restoration (IR) has been an indispensable and challenging task in the low-level vision field, which strives to improve the subjective quality of images distorted by various forms of degradation. Recently, the diffusion model has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xin Li , Yulin Ren , Xin Jin , Cuiling Lan , Xingrui Wang , Wenjun Zeng , Xinchao Wang , Zhibo Chen

Recently proposed generative models for discrete data, such as Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs), exploit conditional independence approximations to reduce the computational cost of popular Auto-Regressive Models (ARMs), at the price of some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-18 Hugo Lavenant , Giacomo Zanella

In offline reinforcement learning, value overestimation caused by out-of-distribution (OOD) actions significantly limits policy performance. Recently, diffusion models have been leveraged for their strong distribution-matching capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yunchang Ma , Tenglong Liu , Yixing Lan , Xin Yin , Changxin Zhang , Xinglong Zhang , Xin Xu

Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

Diffusion models have demonstrated impressive results in both data generation and downstream tasks such as inverse problems, text-based editing, classification, and more. However, training such models usually requires large amounts of clean…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-17 Bahjat Kawar , Noam Elata , Tomer Michaeli , Michael Elad

Diffusion Bridge and Flow Matching have both demonstrated compelling empirical performance in transformation between arbitrary distributions. However, there remains confusion about which approach is generally preferable, and the substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kaizhen Zhu , Mokai Pan , Zhechuan Yu , Jingya Wang , Jingyi Yu , Ye Shi

Diffusion models have proven to be highly effective in image and video generation; however, they encounter challenges in the correct composition of objects when generating images of varying sizes due to single-scale training data. Adapting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Lanqing Guo , Yingqing He , Haoxin Chen , Menghan Xia , Xiaodong Cun , Yufei Wang , Siyu Huang , Yong Zhang , Xintao Wang , Qifeng Chen , Ying Shan , Bihan Wen

Diffusion models are gaining widespread use in cutting-edge image, video, and audio generation. Score-based diffusion models stand out among these methods, necessitating the estimation of score function of the input data distribution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Fangzhao Zhang , Mert Pilanci

Diffusion models have become a central paradigm for image and multimodal generation, yet their deployment raises persistent questions about alignment, safety, preference satisfaction, and robustness to misuse. This survey reviews recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Preeti Lamba , Kiran Ravish , Ankita Kushwaha , Pawan Kumar

Diffusion Policy is a powerful technique tool for learning end-to-end visuomotor robot control. It is expected that Diffusion Policy possesses scalability, a key attribute for deep neural networks, typically suggesting that increasing model…

Anomaly detection is a fundamental task in machine learning and data mining, with significant applications in cybersecurity, industrial fault diagnosis, and clinical disease monitoring. Traditional methods, such as statistical modeling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yi Chen

Joint machine learning models that allow synthesizing and classifying data often offer uneven performance between those tasks or are unstable to train. In this work, we depart from a set of empirical observations that indicate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Kamil Deja , Tomasz Trzcinski , Jakub M. Tomczak

Denoising diffusion models (DDMs) have recently attracted increasing attention by showing impressive synthesis quality. DDMs are built on a diffusion process that pushes data to the noise distribution and the models learn to denoise. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jaemoo Choi , Yesom Park , Myungjoo Kang

Diffusion models, as a kind of powerful generative model, have given impressive results on image super-resolution (SR) tasks. However, due to the randomness introduced in the reverse process of diffusion models, the performances of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Yiyang Ma , Huan Yang , Wenhan Yang , Jianlong Fu , Jiaying Liu

Diffusion models are widely used for generative tasks across domains. Given a pre-trained diffusion model, it is often desirable to fine-tune it further either to correct for errors in learning or to align with downstream applications.…

Diffusion models have become a popular choice for decision-making tasks in robotics, and more recently, are also being considered for solving autonomous driving tasks. However, their applications and evaluations in autonomous driving remain…

This paper investigates the robustness of stochastic optimal control for controlled regime switching diffusions. We consider systems driven by both continuous fluctuations and discrete regime changes, allowing for model misspecification in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Somnath Pradhan , Dinesh Rathia

Training neural samplers directly from unnormalized densities without access to target distribution samples presents a significant challenge. A critical desideratum in these settings is achieving comprehensive mode coverage, ensuring the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chenguang Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Kaiyuan Cui , Weichen Zhao , Yongtao Guan , Tianshu Yu

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved promising results recently, but raise an array of open questions in terms of conceptual understanding, theoretical analysis, algorithm improvement and extensions to discrete, structured,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Xingchao Liu , Lemeng Wu , Mao Ye , Qiang Liu