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Diffusion models offer appealing properties for language generation, such as parallel decoding and iterative refinement, but the discrete and highly structured nature of text challenges the direct application of diffusion principles. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Ziqi Jin , Bin Wang , Xiang Lin , Lidong Bing , Aixin Sun

Large language model (LLM)-based embedding models, benefiting from large scale pre-training and post-training, have begun to surpass BERT and T5-based models on general-purpose text embedding tasks such as document retrieval. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Siyue Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Liyuan Geng , Arman Cohan , Anh Tuan Luu , Chen Zhao

Synthetic tabular data generation has attracted growing attention due to its importance for data augmentation, foundation models, and privacy. However, real-world tabular datasets increasingly contain free-form text fields (e.g., reviews or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Donghong Cai , Jiarui Feng , Yanbo Wang , Da Zheng , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently demonstrated capabilities that complement standard autoregressive (AR) models, particularly in non-sequential generation and bidirectional editing. Although recent work has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fred Zhangzhi Peng , Alexis Fox , Anru R. Zhang , Alexander Tong

Diffusion language models have emerged as a promising approach for text generation. One would naturally expect this method to be an efficient replacement for autoregressive models since multiple tokens can be sampled in parallel during each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Guhao Feng , Yihan Geng , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Liwei Wang , Di He

This paper does not describe a new method; instead, it provides a thorough exploration of an important yet understudied design space related to recent advances in text-to-image synthesis -- specifically, the deep fusion of large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Bingda Tang , Boyang Zheng , Xichen Pan , Sayak Paul , Saining Xie

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by enabling parallel token generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, their inference speed is significantly limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Satyam Goyal , Kushal Patel , Tanush Mittal , Arjun Laxman

Diffusion language models (DLMs) promise parallel, order-agnostic generation, but on standard benchmarks they have historically lagged behind autoregressive models in sample quality and diversity. Recent continuous flow and diffusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Georgios Batzolis , Mark Girolami , Luca Ambrogioni

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) due to their ability to capture bidirectional context and the potential for parallel generation. Despite the advantages, dLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zijian Zhu , Fei Ren , Zhanhong Tan , Kaisheng Ma

We present significant extensions to diffusion-based sequence generation models, blurring the line with autoregressive language models. We introduce hyperschedules, which assign distinct noise schedules to individual token positions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Nima Fathi , Torsten Scholak , Pierre-André Noël

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

While autoregressive Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success, their sequential generation often limits their efficacy in complex visual planning and dynamic robotic control. In this work, we investigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jiacheng Ye , Shansan Gong , Jiahui Gao , Junming Fan , Shuang Wu , Wei Bi , Haoli Bai , Lifeng Shang , Lingpeng Kong

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models for faster inference via parallel token generation. We provide a rigorous foundation for this advantage by formalizing a model of parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haozhe Jiang , Nika Haghtalab , Lijie Chen

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Multi-modal generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) has attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry. Particularly, two dominant families of techniques have emerged: i) Multi-modal large language models (LLMs) demonstrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xin Wang , Yuwei Zhou , Bin Huang , Hong Chen , Wenwu Zhu

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a new architecture following auto regressive models. Their denoising process offers a powerful generative advantage, but they present significant challenges in learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ranfei Chen , Ming Chen

We introduce Lumina-DiMOO, an open-source foundational model for seamless multi-modal generation and understanding. Lumina-DiMOO sets itself apart from prior unified models by utilizing a fully discrete diffusion modeling to handle inputs…

Recently, diffusion models have excelled in image generation tasks and have also been applied to neural language processing (NLP) for controllable text generation. However, the application of diffusion models in a cross-lingual setting is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Linyao Chen , Aosong Feng , Boming Yang , Zihui Li

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to purely autoregressive language models because they can decode multiple tokens in parallel. However, state-of-the-art block-wise dLLMs rely on a "remasking"…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in high-level visual understanding. However, extending these models to fine-grained dense prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation and depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yi Li , Hongze Shen , Lexiang Tang , Xin Li , Xinpeng Ding , Yinsong Liu , Deqiang Jiang , Xing Sun , Xiaomeng Li
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