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We study the problem of learning a good search policy for combinatorial search spaces. We propose retrospective imitation learning, which, after initial training by an expert, improves itself by learning from \textit{retrospective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Jialin Song , Ravi Lanka , Albert Zhao , Aadyot Bhatnagar , Yisong Yue , Masahiro Ono

Reinforcement learning has recently gained traction as a means to improve combinatorial optimization methods, yet its effectiveness within local search metaheuristics specifically remains comparatively underexamined. In this study, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yannick Molinghen , Augustin Delecluse , Renaud De Landtsheer , Stefano Michelini

In this work we describe a novel deep reinforcement learning architecture that allows multiple actions to be selected at every time-step in an efficient manner. Multi-action policies allow complex behaviours to be learnt that would…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Jack Harmer , Linus Gisslén , Jorge del Val , Henrik Holst , Joakim Bergdahl , Tom Olsson , Kristoffer Sjöö , Magnus Nordin

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms are known to scale poorly to environments with many available actions, requiring numerous samples to learn an optimal policy. The traditional approach of considering the same fixed action space in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Leo Ardon , Alberto Pozanco , Daniel Borrajo , Sumitra Ganesh

In reinforcement learning (RL), key components of many algorithms are the exploration strategy and replay buffer. These strategies regulate what environment data is collected and trained on and have been extensively studied in the RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Max Weltevrede , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Wendelin Böhmer

Most reinforcement learning (RL) methods only focus on learning a single task from scratch and are not able to use prior knowledge to learn other tasks more effectively. Context-based meta RL techniques are recently proposed as a possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Xu Han , Feng Wu

In this paper, we propose a learning algorithm that enables a model to quickly exploit commonalities among related tasks from an unseen task distribution, before quickly adapting to specific tasks from that same distribution. We investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Arnout Devos , Yatin Dandi

Reward decomposition is a critical problem in centralized training with decentralized execution~(CTDE) paradigm for multi-agent reinforcement learning. To take full advantage of global information, which exploits the states from all agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Jianzhun Shao , Hongchang Zhang , Yuhang Jiang , Shuncheng He , Xiangyang Ji

In recommender systems, reinforcement learning solutions have effectively boosted recommendation performance because of their ability to capture long-term user-system interaction. However, the action space of the recommendation policy is a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Bowen Sun , Yuhao Wang , Ji Jiang , Dong Zheng , Kun Gai , Peng Jiang , Xiangyu Zhao , Yongfeng Zhang

We study the benefit of sharing representations among tasks to enable the effective use of deep neural networks in Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning. We leverage the assumption that learning from different tasks, sharing common properties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Carlo D'Eramo , Davide Tateo , Andrea Bonarini , Marcello Restelli , Jan Peters

Exploration is a key problem in reinforcement learning. Recently bonus-based methods have achieved considerable successes in environments where exploration is difficult such as Montezuma's Revenge, which assign additional bonuses (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Yan Song , Yingfeng Chen , Yujing Hu , Changjie Fan

Search-integrated reasoning enables language agents to transcend static parametric knowledge by actively querying external sources. However, training these agents via reinforcement learning is hindered by the multi-scale credit assignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Bowei He , Minda Hu , Zenan Xu , Hongru Wang , Licheng Zong , Yankai Chen , Chen Ma , Xue Liu , Pluto Zhou , Irwin King

Addressing the question of how to achieve optimal decision-making under risk and uncertainty is crucial for enhancing the capabilities of artificial agents that collaborate with or support humans. In this work, we address this question in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Nicole Orzan , Erman Acar , Davide Grossi , Patrick Mannion , Roxana Rădulescu

In this paper, we investigate the problem of overfitting in deep reinforcement learning. Among the most common benchmarks in RL, it is customary to use the same environments for both training and testing. This practice offers relatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Karl Cobbe , Oleg Klimov , Chris Hesse , Taehoon Kim , John Schulman

Decomposing knowledge into interchangeable pieces promises a generalization advantage when there are changes in distribution. A learning agent interacting with its environment is likely to be faced with situations requiring novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kanika Madan , Nan Rosemary Ke , Anirudh Goyal , Bernhard Schölkopf , Yoshua Bengio

Prior access to domain knowledge could significantly improve the performance of a reinforcement learning agent. In particular, it could help agents avoid potentially catastrophic exploratory actions, which would otherwise have to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana , Sunil Gupta , Truyen Tran , Svetha Venkatesh

Planning has achieved significant progress in recent years. Among the various approaches to scale up plan synthesis, the use of macro-actions has been widely explored. As a first stage towards the development of a solution to learn on-line…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Sandra Castellanos-Paez , Damien Pellier , Humbert Fiorino , Sylvie Pesty

Credit assignment is a fundamental problem in reinforcement learning, the problem of measuring an action's influence on future rewards. Explicit credit assignment methods have the potential to boost the performance of RL algorithms on many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Vyacheslav Alipov , Riley Simmons-Edler , Nikita Putintsev , Pavel Kalinin , Dmitry Vetrov

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods rely on experience replay to approximate the minibatched supervised learning setting; however, unlike supervised learning where access to lots of training data is crucial to generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Brett Daley , Cameron Hickert , Christopher Amato

At first sight it may seem straightforward to use recurrent layers in Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms to enable agents to make use of memory in the setting of partially observable environments. Starting from widely used Proximal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Marco Pleines , Matthias Pallasch , Frank Zimmer , Mike Preuss