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Related papers: Varying reference-point salience

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We study misspecified Bayesian learning in principal-agent relationships, where an agent is assessed by an evaluator and rewarded by the market. The agent's outcome depends on their innate ability, costly effort -- whose effectiveness is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-02 Federico Echenique , Anqi Li

We study linear regressions in a context where the outcome of interest and some of the covariates are observed in two different datasets that cannot be matched. Traditional approaches obtain point identification by relying, often…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-18 Xavier D'Haultfoeuille , Christophe Gaillac , Arnaud Maurel

In observational studies, researchers must select a method to control for confounding. Options include propensity score methods and regression. It remains unclear how dataset characteristics (size, overlap in propensity scores, exposure…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-21 J. Wilkinson , M. A. Mamas , E. Kontopantelis

The human intrinsic desire to pursue knowledge, also known as curiosity, is considered essential in the process of skill acquisition. With the aid of artificial curiosity, we could equip current techniques for control, such as Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Pietro Mazzaglia , Ozan Catal , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

This paper explores the effects of simulated moments on the performance of inference methods based on moment inequalities. Commonly used confidence sets for parameters are level sets of criterion functions whose boundary points may depend…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-04-12 Hiroaki Kaido , Jiaxuan Li , Marc Rysman

Deep Neural Networks are powerful tools to understand complex patterns and making decisions. However, their black-box nature impedes a complete understanding of their inner workings. While online saliency-guided training methods try to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Ali Karkehabadi

As artificial intelligence and machine learning tools become more accessible, and scientists face new obstacles to data collection (e.g. rising costs, declining survey response rates), researchers increasingly use predictions from…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Kentaro Hoffman , Stephen Salerno , Awan Afiaz , Jeffrey T. Leek , Tyler H. McCormick

We explore the ways that a reference point may direct attention. Utilizing a stochastic choice framework, we provide behavioral foundations for the Reference-Dependent Random Attention Model (RD-RAM). Our characterization result shows that…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-03-21 Matthew Kovach , Elchin Suleymanov

Selective inference (post-selection inference) is a methodology that has attracted much attention in recent years in the fields of statistics and machine learning. Naive inference based on data that are also used for model selection tends…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-25 Yoshiyuki Ninomiya , Yuta Umezu , Ichiro Takeuchi

This paper considers inference in a linear instrumental variable regression model with many potentially weak instruments, in the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects. I first show that existing test procedures, including those that…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-24 Luther Yap

Since the early 2000s, computational visual saliency has been a very active research area. Each year, more and more new models are published in the main computer vision conferences. Nowadays, one of the big challenges is to find a way to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-07-23 Nicolas Riche , Matthieu Duvinage , Matei Mancas , Bernard Gosselin , Thierry Dutoit

Instruments can be used to identify causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding, under the famous relevance and exogeneity (unconfoundedness and exclusion) assumptions. As exogeneity is difficult to justify and to some degree…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-08-29 Christian Tien

People routinely rely on data to make decisions, but the process can be riddled with biases. We show that patterns in data might be noticed first or more strongly, depending on how the data is visually represented or what the viewer finds…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Cindy Xiong Bearfield , Lisanne van Weelden , Adam Waytz , Steven Franconeri

Comparison data arises in many important contexts, e.g. shopping, web clicks, or sports competitions. Typically we are given a dataset of comparisons and wish to train a model to make predictions about the outcome of unseen comparisons. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-25 Stephen Ragain , Alexander Peysakhovich , Johan Ugander

In natural phenomena, data distributions often deviate from normality. One can think of cataclysms as a self-explanatory example: events that occur almost never, and at the same time are many standard deviations away from the common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Nuno Costa , Nuno Moniz

The topic of this paper is prevalence estimation from the perspective of active information. Prevalence among tested individuals has an upward bias under the assumption that individuals' willingness to be tested for the disease increases…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Ola Hössjer , Daniel Andrés Díaz-Pachón , Chen Zhao , J. Sunil Rao

Prediction becomes more challenging with missing covariates. What method is chosen to handle missingness can greatly affect how models perform. In many real-world problems, the best prediction performance is achieved by models that can…

Cross-situational word learning is based on the notion that a learner can determine the referent of a word by finding something in common across many observed uses of that word. Here we propose an adaptive learning algorithm that contains a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-11-20 Paulo F. C. Tilles , Jose F. Fontanari

Due to concerns about parametric model misspecification, there is interest in using machine learning to adjust for confounding when evaluating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. Unfortunately, exposure effect estimators that…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Oliver Dukes , Stijn Vansteelandt , David Whitney

There are a number of hypotheses underlying the existence of adversarial examples for classification problems. These include the high-dimensionality of the data, high codimension in the ambient space of the data manifolds of interest, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Brian Bell , Michael Geyer , David Glickenstein , Keaton Hamm , Carlos Scheidegger , Amanda Fernandez , Juston Moore