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In this paper, we evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to assess the veracity of claims in ''news reports'' generated by themselves or other LLMs. Our goal is to determine whether LLMs can effectively fact-check their own…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jiayi Yao , Haibo Sun , Nianwen Xue

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed fake news detection and fact-checking tasks from simple classification to complex reasoning. However, evaluation frameworks have not kept pace. Current benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Cheng Xu , Changhong Jin , Yingjie Niu , Nan Yan , Yuke Mei , Shuhao Guan , Liming Chen , M-Tahar Kechadi

Answer verification is crucial not only for evaluating large language models (LLMs) by matching their unstructured outputs against standard answers, but also serves as the reward model to guide LLM optimization. Most evaluation frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shudong Liu , Hongwei Liu , Junnan Liu , Linchen Xiao , Songyang Gao , Chengqi Lyu , Yuzhe Gu , Wenwei Zhang , Derek F. Wong , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

As LLMs are deployed in high-stakes settings, users must judge the correctness of individual responses, often relying on model-generated justifications such as reasoning chains or explanations. Yet, no standard measure exists for whether…

Long-form generations from large language models (LLMs) contain a mix of factual and non-factual claims, making evaluating factuality difficult. Prior works evaluate the factuality of a long paragraph by decomposing it into multiple facts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

The growing awareness of safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) has sparked considerable interest in the evaluation of safety. This study investigates an under-explored issue about the evaluation of LLMs, namely the substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yixu Wang , Yan Teng , Kexin Huang , Chengqi Lyu , Songyang Zhang , Wenwei Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang

Although demonstrating remarkable performance on reasoning tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) still tend to fabricate unreliable responses when confronted with problems that are unsolvable or beyond their capability, severely undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Boyang Xue , Qi Zhu , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Hongru Wang , Minda Hu , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

The increased use of large language models (LLMs) across a variety of real-world applications calls for mechanisms to verify the factual accuracy of their outputs. In this work, we present a holistic end-to-end solution for annotating the…

Traditional fact-checking relies on humans to formulate relevant and targeted fact-checking questions (FCQs), search for evidence, and verify the factuality of claims. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been commonly used to automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Alimohammad Beigi , Bohan Jiang , Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Pouya Shaeri , Tharindu Kumarage , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Large language models (LLMs) often generate content that contains factual errors when responding to fact-seeking prompts on open-ended topics. To benchmark a model's long-form factuality in open domains, we first use GPT-4 to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jerry Wei , Chengrun Yang , Xinying Song , Yifeng Lu , Nathan Hu , Jie Huang , Dustin Tran , Daiyi Peng , Ruibo Liu , Da Huang , Cosmo Du , Quoc V. Le

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming useful in many domains due to their impressive abilities that arise from large training datasets and large model sizes. More recently, they have been shown to be very effective in textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nelvin Tan , James Asikin Cheung , Yu-Ching Shih , Dong Yang , Amol Salunkhe

Recent neural theorem provers use reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), where proof assistants provide binary correctness signals. While verifiable rewards are cheap and scalable without reward hacking issues, they suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zeynel A. Uluşan , Burak S. Akbudak , Can S. Erer , Gözde Gül Şahin

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) store structured factual knowledge by linking entities through relationships, crucial for many applications. These applications depend on the KG's factual accuracy, so verifying facts is essential, yet challenging.…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Farzad Shami , Stefano Marchesin , Gianmaria Silvello

The evaluation and post-training of large language models (LLMs) rely on supervision, but strong supervision for difficult tasks is often unavailable, especially when evaluating frontier models. In such cases, models are demonstrated to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Tianyi Alex Qiu , Micah Carroll , Cameron Allen

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on complex mathematical benchmarks yet sometimes fail on basic math reasoning while generating unnecessarily verbose responses. In this paper, we present LLMThinkBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Sriram Srinivasan , Xuan Wang

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to meet user information needs, but their effectiveness in dealing with user queries that contain various types of ambiguity remains unknown, ultimately risking user trust and satisfaction.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tong Zhang , Peixin Qin , Yang Deng , Chen Huang , Wenqiang Lei , Junhong Liu , Dingnan Jin , Hongru Liang , Tat-Seng Chua

As the modern tools of choice for text understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) are expected to accurately output answers by leveraging the input context. This requires LLMs to possess both context-faithfulness and factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Baolong Bi , Shenghua Liu , Yiwei Wang , Lingrui Mei , Junfeng Fang , Hongcheng Gao , Shiyu Ni , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon to evaluate text outputs of other LLMs, thereby influencing leaderboards and development decisions. However, concerns persist over the accuracy of these assessments and the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Sshubam Verma , Mitesh M. Khapra

With the proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), the detection of misinformation has become increasingly important and complex. This research proposes an innovative verifiable misinformation detection LLM agent that goes beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zikun Cui , Tianyi Huang , Chia-En Chiang , Cuiqianhe Du