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Unlike the fundamental forces of the Standard Model the quantum effects of gravity are still experimentally inaccessible. Rather surprisingly quantum aspects of gravity, such as massive gravitons, can emerge in experiments with fractional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Patricio Salgado-Rebolledo , Jiannis K. Pachos

A theory of quantum gravity consists of a gravitational framework which, unlike general relativity, takes into account the quantum character of matter. In spite of impressive advances, no fully satisfactory, self-consistent and empirically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 R. Muciño , E. Okon , D. Sudarsky , M. Wiedemann

The GQuEST (Gravity from the Quantum Entanglement of Space-Time) experiment uses tabletop-scale Michelson laser interferometers to probe for fluctuations in space-time. We present a practicable interferometer design featuring a novel photon…

In 1957 Feynman suggested that the quantum/classical character of gravity may be assessed by testing the gravitational interaction due to source masses in superposition. However, in all proposed experimental realisations using matter-wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Julen S. Pedernales , Kirill Streltsov , Martin B. Plenio

A handful of recent papers has been devoted to proposals of experiments capable of testing some candidate quantum-gravity phenomena. These lecture notes emphasize those aspects that are most relevant to the questions that come to mind when…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia

We present two projects aiming to probe key aspects of the theory of General Relativity with high-precision quantum sensors. These projects use cold-atom interferometry with the aim of measuring gravitational waves and testing the…

Quantum mechanics and general relativity are the foundational pillars of modern physics, yet experimental tests that combine the two frameworks remain rare. Measuring optical phase shifts of massless photons in a gravitational potential…

Christodoulou and Rovelli (CR) [1] have argued that a Bose et al.-Marletto-Vedral (BMV) experiment that confirmed the quantum nature of gravity would give laboratory evidence for a quantum superposition of spacetime geometries created in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-03 Adrian Kent

Experiments have recently been proposed testing whether quantum gravitational interactions generate entanglement between adjacent masses in position superposition states. We propose potentially less challenging experiments that test quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-03 Adrian Kent

Quantum information concepts and quantum technologies have opened the prospect to probe quantum gravity in table-top experiments. Many proposals rely on witnessing entanglement generation as a means to probe whether gravity is a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Konstantin Beyer , M. S. Kim , Igor Pikovski

Entanglement plays a central role in the fundamental tests and practical applications of quantum mechanics. Because entanglement is a feature unique to quantum systems, its observations provide evidence of quantumness. Hence, if gravity can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Samuel Moukouri

We study quantum gravimetry when the interrogation time carries intrinsic uncertainty, motivated by a fundamental limit on temporal resolution associated with the energy--time uncertainty relation. For linearly gravity-coupled gravimeters,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Salman Sajad Wani , Sundus Abdi , Rushda Naik , Saif Al-Kuwari

Atom interferometers are powerful tools for both measurements in fundamental physics and inertial sensing applications. Their performance, however, has been limited by the available interrogation time of freely falling atoms in a…

The search for a theory of quantum gravity is the most fundamental problem in all of theoretical physics, but there are as yet no experimental results at all to guide this endeavor. What seems to be needed is a pragmatic way to test if…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-23 Johan Hansson , Stephane Francois

No experimental evidence exists, to date, whether or not the gravitational field must be quantised. Theoretical arguments in favour of quantisation are inconclusive. The most straightforward alternative to quantum gravity, a coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 André Großardt

We describe the Quantum Test of the Equivalence principle and Space Time (QTEST), a concept for an atom interferometry mission on the International Space Station (ISS). The primary science objective of the mission is a test of Einstein's…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-12-08 Jason Williams , Sheng-wey Chiow , Holger Mueller , Nan Yu

We have realized an atom interferometer that probes gravitational potentials by holding, rather than dropping, atoms. Up to one minute of coherence times are realized by suspending the spatially separated atomic wave packets in an optical…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 C. D. Panda , M. Tao , J. Eggelhof , M. Ceja , A. Reynoso , V. Xu , H. Muller

We propose relativistic tests of quantum gravity using the gravitational self-interaction of photons in a cavity. We demonstrate that this interaction results in a number of quantum gravitational signatures in the quantum state of the light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-19 Zain Mehdi , Joseph J. Hope , Simon A. Haine

Combining gravity with quantum mechanics remains one of the biggest challenges of physics. In the past years, experiments with opto-mechanical systems have been proposed that may give indirect clues about the quantum nature of gravity. In a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Yue Ma , Thomas Guff , Gavin Morley , Igor Pikovski , M. S. Kim

In semiclassical gravity the back-reaction of the classical gravitational field interacting with quantum matter fields is described by the semiclassical Einstein equations. A criterion for the validity of semiclassical gravity based on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-04 E. Verdaguer