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Reinforcement Learning from Human feedback (RLHF) has become a powerful tool to fine-tune or train agentic machine learning models. Similar to how humans interact in social contexts, we can use many types of feedback to communicate our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yannick Metz , David Lindner , Raphaël Baur , Mennatallah El-Assady

This paper extends recent work in interactive machine learning (IML) focused on effectively incorporating human feedback. We show how control and feedback signals complement each other in systems which model human reward. We demonstrate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-01-27 Kory W. Mathewson , Patrick M. Pilarski

In Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), it is crucial to learn suitable reward models from human feedback to align large language models (LLMs) with human intentions. However, human feedback can often be noisy, inconsistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Taywon Min , Haeone Lee , Yongchan Kwon , Kimin Lee

Designing an effective reward function has long been a challenge in reinforcement learning, particularly for complex tasks in unstructured environments. To address this, various learning paradigms have emerged that leverage different forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Somtochukwu Oguchienti , Maheed H. Ahmed , Mahsa Ghasemi

Reinforcement learning from human feedback usually models preferences using a reward function that does not distinguish between people. We argue that this is unlikely to be a good design choice in contexts with high potential for…

This paper contributes a first study into how different human users deliver simultaneous control and feedback signals during human-robot interaction. As part of this work, we formalize and present a general interactive learning framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Kory W. Mathewson , Patrick M. Pilarski

Human feedback is increasingly used to steer the behaviours of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it is unclear how to collect and incorporate feedback in a way that is efficient, effective and unbiased, especially for highly subjective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Hannah Rose Kirk , Andrew M. Bean , Bertie Vidgen , Paul Röttger , Scott A. Hale

Reinforcement learning (RL) commonly assumes access to well-specified reward functions, which many practical applications do not provide. Instead, recently, more work has explored learning what to do from interacting with humans. So far,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 David Lindner , Mennatallah El-Assady

Reward models (RMs) play a crucial role in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback by serving as proxies for human preferences in aligning large language models. However, they suffer from various biases which could lead to reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiao Zhu , Chenmien Tan , Pinzhen Chen , Rico Sennrich , Huiming Wang , Yanlin Zhang , Hanxu Hu

When robots enter everyday human environments, they need to understand their tasks and how they should perform those tasks. To encode these, reward functions, which specify the objective of a robot, are employed. However, designing reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Erdem Bıyık

A promising approach to improve the robustness and exploration in Reinforcement Learning is collecting human feedback and that way incorporating prior knowledge of the target environment. It is, however, often too expensive to obtain enough…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Taku Yamagata , Ryan McConville , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

The rapid development of artificial intelligence and robotics has had a significant impact on our lives, with intelligent systems increasingly performing tasks traditionally performed by humans. Efficient knowledge transfer requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Phillip Richter , Heiko Wersing , Anna-Lisa Vollmer

Learning rewards from preference feedback has become an important tool in the alignment of agentic models. Preference-based feedback, often implemented as a binary comparison between multiple completions, is an established method to acquire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yannick Metz , András Geiszl , Raphaël Baur , Mennatallah El-Assady

To widen their accessibility and increase their utility, intelligent agents must be able to learn complex behaviors as specified by (non-expert) human users. Moreover, they will need to learn these behaviors within a reasonable amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Dilip Arumugam , Jun Ki Lee , Sophie Saskin , Michael L. Littman

Learning from human feedback has gained traction in fields like robotics and natural language processing in recent years. While prior works mostly rely on human feedback in the form of comparisons, language is a preferable modality that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhaojing Yang , Miru Jun , Jeremy Tien , Stuart J. Russell , Anca Dragan , Erdem Bıyık

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a variant of reinforcement learning (RL) that learns from human feedback instead of relying on an engineered reward function. Building on prior work on the related setting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Timo Kaufmann , Paul Weng , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier

Fluid human-agent communication is essential for the future of human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning. An agent must respond appropriately to feedback from its human trainer even before they have significant experience working together.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Ishaan Shah , David Halpern , Kavosh Asadi , Michael L. Littman

The correct specification of reward models is a well-known challenge in reinforcement learning. Hand-crafted reward functions often lead to inefficient or suboptimal policies and may not be aligned with user values. Reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Muhan Lin , Shuyang Shi , Yue Guo , Behdad Chalaki , Vaishnav Tadiparthi , Ehsan Moradi Pari , Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Katia Sycara

We explore unconstrained natural language feedback as a learning signal for artificial agents. Humans use rich and varied language to teach, yet most prior work on interactive learning from language assumes a particular form of input (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Theodore R. Sumers , Mark K. Ho , Robert D. Hawkins , Karthik Narasimhan , Thomas L. Griffiths

Studies have indicated that personality is related to achievement, and several personality assessment models have been developed. However, most are either questionnaires or based on marker systems, which entails limitations. We proposed a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chun-Hsiung Tseng , Hao-Chiang Koong Lin , Andrew Chih-Wei Huang , Jia-Rou Lin
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