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Score-based generative modeling, implemented through probability flow ODEs, has shown impressive results in numerous practical settings. However, most convergence guarantees rely on restrictive regularity assumptions on the target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Gitte Kremling , Francesco Iafrate , Mahsa Taheri , Johannes Lederer

This paper studies the original discrete-time denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) from a probabilistic point of view. We present three main theoretical results. First, we show that the time-dependent score function associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Yumiharu Nakano

Probabilistic solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide efficient quantification of numerical uncertainty associated with simulation of dynamical systems. Their convergence rates have been established by a growing body of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-21 Nicholas Krämer , Philipp Hennig

Probabilistic solvers for ordinary differential equations assign a posterior measure to the solution of an initial value problem. The joint covariance of this distribution provides an estimate of the (global) approximation error. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Nathanael Bosch , Philipp Hennig , Filip Tronarp

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful techniques for generating samples from high-dimensional data distributions. These models involve a two-phase process: first, injecting noise to transform the data distribution into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Runjia Li , Qiwei Di , Quanquan Gu

Deep generative models based on neural differential equations have quickly become the state-of-the-art for numerous generation tasks across many different applications. These models rely on ODE/SDE solvers which integrate from a prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zander W. Blasingame , Chen Liu

Diffusion models have exhibited excellent performance in various domains. The probability flow ordinary differential equation (ODE) of diffusion models (i.e., diffusion ODEs) is a particular case of continuous normalizing flows (CNFs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Kaiwen Zheng , Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Statistical surrogate modeling of fluid flows is hard because dynamics are multiscale and highly sensitive to initial conditions. Conditional diffusion surrogates can be accurate, but usually need hundreds of stochastic sampling steps. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Victor Armegioiu , Yannick Ramic , Siddhartha Mishra

We introduce an ordinary differential equation (ODE) based deep generative method for learning conditional distributions, named Conditional F\"ollmer Flow. Starting from a standard Gaussian distribution, the proposed flow could approximate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Jinyuan Chang , Zhao Ding , Yuling Jiao , Ruoxuan Li , Jerry Zhijian Yang

We investigate the use of diffusion models as neural density estimators. The current approach to this problem involves converting the generative process to a smooth flow, known as the Probability Flow ODE. The log density at a given sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Akhil Premkumar

Diffusion models (DMs) and flow-matching models have demonstrated remarkable performance in image and video generation. However, such models require a significant number of function evaluations (NFEs) during sampling, leading to costly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zheng Tan , Weizhen Wang , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Ernest K. Ryu

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in developing effective training and fast sampling techniques for diffusion models. A remarkable advancement is the use of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Defang Chen , Zhenyu Zhou , Jian-Ping Mei , Chunhua Shen , Chun Chen , Can Wang

Score-based generative models have excellent performance in terms of generation quality and likelihood. They model the data distribution by matching a parameterized score network with first-order data score functions. The score network can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-28 Cheng Lu , Kaiwen Zheng , Fan Bao , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), via their induced flow maps, provide a powerful framework to parameterize invertible transformations for the purpose of representing complex probability distributions. While such models have achieved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Youssef Marzouk , Zhi Ren , Sven Wang , Jakob Zech

Discrete-time diffusion-based generative models and score matching methods have shown promising results in modeling high-dimensional image data. Recently, Song et al. (2021) show that diffusion processes that transform data into noise can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Chin-Wei Huang , Jae Hyun Lim , Aaron Courville

Diffusion modeling (DM) has high-quality generative performance, and the sampling problem is an important part of the DM performance. Thanks to efficient differential equation solvers, the sampling speed can be reduced while higher sampling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Zitong Cheng

We examine numerical rounding errors of some deterministic solvers for systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We show that the accumulation of rounding errors results in a solution that is inherently random and we obtain the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-03-13 Sebastian Mosbach , Amanda G. Turner

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) are a class of powerful generative models. The past few years have witnessed the great success of DDPMs in generating high-fidelity samples. A significant limitation of the DDPMs is the slow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Yansong Gao , Zhihong Pan , Xin Zhou , Le Kang , Pratik Chaudhari

This paper approaches the unsupervised learning problem by gradient descent in the space of probability density functions. A main result shows that along the gradient flow induced by a distribution-dependent ordinary differential equation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yu-Jui Huang , Yuchong Zhang

We study gradient-based optimization methods obtained by directly discretizing a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) related to the continuous limit of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. When the function is smooth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-29 Jingzhao Zhang , Aryan Mokhtari , Suvrit Sra , Ali Jadbabaie