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Instruction tuning aligns the response of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite such efforts in human--LLM alignment, we find that instruction tuning does not always make LLMs human-like from a cognitive modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Timothy Baldwin

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

To advance time series forecasting (TSF), various methods have been proposed to improve prediction accuracy, evolving from statistical techniques to data-driven deep learning architectures. Despite their effectiveness, most existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yitong Zhou , Yucong Luo , Mingyue Cheng , Qi Liu , Jiahao Wang , Daoyu Wang , Enhong Chen

Recently, there has been great success in leveraging pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for time series analysis. The core idea lies in effectively aligning the modality between natural language and time series. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zongjiang Shang , Dongliang Cui , Binqing Wu , Ling Chen

Long-term time series forecasting in centralized environments poses unique challenges regarding data privacy, communication overhead, and scalability. To address these challenges, we propose FedTime, a federated large language model (LLM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Raed Abdel-Sater , A. Ben Hamza

Traditional recurrent neural network architectures, such as long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM), have historically held a prominent role in time series forecasting (TSF) tasks. While the recently introduced sLSTM for Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yaxuan Kong , Zepu Wang , Yuqi Nie , Tian Zhou , Stefan Zohren , Yuxuan Liang , Peng Sun , Qingsong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have demonstrated remarkable capability in the text-to-SQL task. Previous research has prompted LLMs with various demonstration-retrieval strategies and intermediate reasoning steps to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Shuaichen Chang , Eric Fosler-Lussier

While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable potential in time series forecasting, their practical deployment remains constrained by excessive computational demands and memory footprints. Existing LLM-based approaches typically suffer from three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Haoran Fan , Bin Li , Yixuan Weng , Shoujun Zhou

Time series forecasting is crucial in strategic planning and decision-making across various industries. Traditional forecasting models mainly concentrate on numerical time series data, often overlooking important textual information such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chanjuan Liu , Shengzhi Wang , Enqiang Zhu

The reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are attracting increasing attention. In this work, we focus on causal reasoning and address the task of establishing causal relationships based on correlation information, a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Eleni Sgouritsa , Virginia Aglietti , Yee Whye Teh , Arnaud Doucet , Arthur Gretton , Silvia Chiappa

We present Multi-expert Prompting, a novel enhancement of ExpertPrompting (Xu et al., 2023), designed to improve the large language model (LLM) generation. Specifically, it guides an LLM to fulfill an input instruction by simulating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Do Xuan Long , Duong Ngoc Yen , Anh Tuan Luu , Kenji Kawaguchi , Min-Yen Kan , Nancy F. Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across diverse tasks, exhibiting emergent properties such as semantic prompt comprehension, In-Context Learning (ICL), and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun

Consistently scaling pre-trained language models (PLMs) imposes substantial burdens on model adaptation, necessitating more efficient alternatives to conventional fine-tuning. Given the advantage of prompting in the zero-shot setting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Xiaobin Wang , Shengding Hu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengjun Xie

The performance of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is often sensitive to nuances in prompt templates, requiring careful prompt engineering, adding costs in terms of computing and human effort. In this study, we present experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Liang Cheng , Tianyi LI , Zhaowei Wang , Mark Steedman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an integral part of many real-world workflows. However, LLMs consume a lot of energy, which becomes a large concern in the scale of the demand for these tools. As LLMs become integrated into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Katelyn Crumpacker , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Modern time-series forecasting models often fail to make full use of rich unstructured information about the time series themselves. This lack of proper conditioning can lead to obvious model failures; for example, models may be unaware of…

Since the launch of ChatGPT, a powerful AI Chatbot developed by OpenAI, large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in both academia and industry, bringing about a fundamental engineering paradigm shift in many areas.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiaoxia Liu , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Xiaohan Yuan , Guoliang Dong , Peng Di , Wenhai Wang , Dongxia Wang

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in domains where labeled data is scarce or expensive, such as clinical domain. However, to unlock the clinical knowledge hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Mark Kelley , Alyssa Samolyk-Mazzanti , Shyam Visweswaran , Yanshan Wang

Large language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to variations in prompt formulation, which can significantly impact their ability to generate accurate responses. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Prompt Sensitivity Prediction, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amirhossein Razavi , Mina Soltangheis , Negar Arabzadeh , Sara Salamat , Morteza Zihayat , Ebrahim Bagheri