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Smart contracts play a significant role in automating blockchain services. Nevertheless, vulnerabilities in smart contracts pose serious threats to blockchain security. Currently, traditional detection methods primarily rely on static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tenghui Huang , Jinbo Wen , Jiawen Kang , Siyong Chen , Zhengtao Li , Tao Zhang , Dongning Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Chengjun Cai , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato

Although the emergence of the programmable smart contract makes blockchain systems easily embrace a wider range of industrial areas, how to execute smart contracts efficiently becomes a big challenge nowadays. Due to the existence of…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Shuaifeng Pang , Xiaodong Qi , Zhao Zhang , Cheqing Jin , Aoying Zhou

Smart contract vulnerability detection remains a major challenge in blockchain security. Existing vulnerability detection methods face two main issues: (1) Existing datasets lack comprehensive coverage and high-quality explanations for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Lei Yu , Zhirong Huang , Hang Yuan , Shiqi Cheng , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang , Chenjie Shen , Jiajia Ma , Jingyuan Zhang , Junyi Lu , Chun Zuo

Decompiler is a specialized type of reverse engineering tool extensively employed in program analysis tasks, particularly in program comprehension and vulnerability detection. However, current Solidity smart contract decompilers face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Zixu Gao , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Peifan Reng , Zibin Zheng

Smart contracts on a blockchain behave precisely as specified by their code. A vulnerability in this code can lead to unexpected behaviour, which is hard to fix because a blockchain does not allow to change smart contract code after its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Markus Knecht

We present a methodology to develop verified smart contracts. We write smart contracts, their specifications and implementations in the verification-friendly language Dafny. In our methodology the ability to write specifications,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Franck Cassez , Joanne Fuller , Horacio Mijail Anton Quiles

Context: Smart contracts are computerized self-executing contracts that contain clauses, which are enforced once certain conditions are met. Smart contracts are immutable by design and cannot be modified once deployed, which ensures…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Ilham Qasse , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Björn Þór Jónsson

The correctness of the Solidity compiler is crucial for ensuring the security of smart contracts. However, the implementation complexity of its type system often introduces elusive defects. This paper presents the first systematic empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lantian Li , Yue Pan , Dan Wang , Jingwen Wu , Zhongxing Yu

Smart contracts are computer programs running on blockchains to automate the transaction execution between users. The absence of contract specifications poses a real challenge to the correctness verification of smart contracts. Program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Ye Liu , Chengxuan Zhang , Yi Li.

This paper serves as a progress report on our research, specifically focusing on utilizing interval analysis, an existing static analysis method, for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts. We present a selection of motivating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ştefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie

The blockchain technology has been used for recording state transitions of smart contracts - decentralized applications that can be invoked through external transactions. Smart contracts gained popularity and accrued hundreds of billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Nikolay Ivanov , Chenning Li , Qiben Yan , Zhiyuan Sun , Zhichao Cao , Xiapu Luo

The rise of blockchain has brought smart contracts into mainstream use, creating a demand for smart contract generation tools. While large language models (LLMs) excel at generating code in general-purpose languages, their effectiveness on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhifan Ye , Jiachi Chen , Zhenzhe Shao , Lingfeng Bao , Xiaohu Yang , Zhongxin Liu

We propose a formal approach for specifying and implementing decentralised coordination in distributed systems, with a focus on smart contracts. Our model captures dynamic roles, data-driven transitions, and external coordination…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Elvis Konjoh Selabi , Maurizio Murgia , António Ravara , Emilio Tuosto

Invariants are essential for ensuring the security and correctness of Solidity smart contracts, particularly in the context of blockchain's immutability and decentralized execution. This paper introduces InvSol, a novel framework for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Kartik Kaushik , Raju Halder , Samrat Mondal

Smart contracts are essential to decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain ecosystems but are increasingly vulnerable to exploits due to coding errors and complex attack vectors. Traditional static analysis tools and existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jun Kevin , Pujianto Yugopuspito

Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Lorenzo Benetollo , Carla Piazza , Michele Bugliesi , Sabina Rossi

This paper introduces SOLID (Synergizing Optimization and Large Language Models for Intelligent Decision-Making), a novel framework that integrates mathematical optimization with the contextual capabilities of large language models (LLMs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yinsheng Wang , Tario G You , Léonard Boussioux , Shan Liu

With the recent popularity of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), blockchain enabled smart contract applications has attracted increased research focus. However, the immutability of the blocks, where the smart…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Mahdi H. Miraz , Maaruf Ali

Smart contracts - computer protocols that regulate the exchange of crypto-assets in trustless environments - have become popular with the spread of blockchain technologies. A landmark security property of smart contracts is liquidity: in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , Stefano Lande , Maurizio Murgia , Roberto Zunino

Smart contract decompilation aims to recover high-level source code from bytecode, but evaluating decompilers remains difficult because existing studies use narrow datasets, inconsistent metrics, and limited semantic consistency checks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kaihua Qin , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais